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Arctic Tern

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Arctic terns have a life span of about 20 years.
Anatomy: The Arctic tern is about 12 to 15 inches (30-38 cm) long and weighs about 2.8-4 ounces (80-110 grams). Males and females are similar.

Arctic Terns are medium-sized birds. They have a length of 33-39 centimetres (13-15 in) and a wingspan of 76-85 cm (26-30 in).

Arctic Tern Photos
Arctic Terns have been seen in South Dakota before, but only on a handful of occasions. These photos were taken on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska, where they were breeding.

Arctic Terns breeds in the Arctic and Subarctic regions around the Northern Hemisphere, although breeding was reported in Montana a few years ago. In Alberta, it was suspected of breeding on Richardson Lake near Lake Athabasca in 1975.

Arctic Terns
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The Arctic tern, with its streamlined body and long, pointed wings, is uniquely designed for its long, yearly flight. It also has very keen eyesight.

Arctic tern on nest with chick
Not to be confused with a common tern, the adult Arctic tern has a deep red bill, and the contrast between grey upperparts and white cheeks is marked.
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Arctic Tern
Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan
Status Common in summer. Breeds. This species arrives in Nova Scotia in the second week of May, a little later than the Common Tern.

ARCTIC TERN, Sterna arctica., Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. iii. p. 366.
Male, 15 1/2, 32.

The Arctic tern is well known for its long yearly migration. It travels from its Arctic breeding grounds to its wintering grounds off of Antarctica. It covers up to 40,000 km which is the farthest yearly journey of any bird.

The Arctic Tern is a world champion for migration. Some migrate over 32,000 km a year.
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Arctic Terns lay two eggs (occasionally one or three) in their nest on the bare rocks, often lined with nothing more than a few pebbles. The eggs are the same color as the rocks and speckled to give them great camouflage.

Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea)
The Arctic Tern performs the longest migration known for a bird. It breeds around the Arctic in Europe, Asia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland and has the most northerly breeding range of any tern.

Arctic Terns defend their nests ferociously. Visitors are given sticks to prevent the terns from diving at their head. Wear a hat and a raincoat.
This Arctic Tern chick did not survive a careless human footstep.

Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea)
The Arctic tern is a long-distance migrant, making a staggering annual round-trip from its Arctic or northern temperate breeding... More
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Arctic Tern
Spring Sighting Information: rare
Nest on or near Refuge? no
Black Tern
Spring Sighting Information: rare
Nest on or near Refuge? no ...

Each year, Arctic terns follow warm weather from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back -- a round-trip of about 22,000 miles! ...

Longest Migration
Arctic terns migrate to and from the Antarctic-about 22,000 miles round trip-each year. Among mammals, gray whales and northern elephant seals are the migration champions, traveling up to 13,000 miles round trip each year.

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Because Roseate Terns nest with Common and Arctic terns, protection of all tern nesting colonies is vital to their survival. Researchers are exploring the use of various non-lethal control measures to create and maintain gull-free islands.

Top to Bottom and Back The robin-sized Arctic Tern travels 10,000 miles from pole to pole and back again every year.

Sooty tern
Sterna vittata. Antarctic tern
Sterna nereis. Fairy tern (endemic)
Sterna albifrons. Little tern
Sterna paradisaea. Arctic tern
Procelsterna cerulea. Grey ternlet
Gygis alba. White tern ...

Many migrate long distances; the best known is the arctic tern,
which nests in the far north and migrates to the Antarctic region
in the autumn.

The arctic tern migrates from the arctic to the antarctic. American terns include the common, least, Forster's, noddy, sooty, roseate, and royal terns, all of the genus Sterna.

Movements can range in length from less than a mile, for Eurasian milkweed bugs, for example, to the incredible 25,000 miles per year of the arctic tern. Migrations may only be seasonal or may take a lifetime to complete.

See also: Flamingo, Tit, Common Tern, Warbler, Swallow