"That the kidneys of marine fish have powerful renal mechanisms for the excretion of magnesium (Mg) from the body has been known since the early 1930s."11
Toxicity Of Elevated Magnesium ...
Water Balance in Fish The elimination of most nitrogen waste products in land animals is performed through the kidneys. In contrast, fish rely heavily on their gills for this function, excreting primarily ammonia.
Incorrect GH will affect the transfer of nutrients and waste products through cell membranes and can affect egg fertility, proper functioning of internal organs such as kidneys and growth.
Most antibiotic drugs react within the liver and kidneys to create a systemic toxin that kills the bacteria, and this puts a workload on those aforementioned organs at a time when they are already badly damaged or impaired.
The kidneys must be frozen first, otherwise they are too difficult to digest. Care must also be taken to avoid fatty parts. I have fed scats over the years on nothing else but kidneys and algae.
The octopus has very effective kidneys which are able to concentrate urine unbelievably. Apart from that, it should be the definition of "messy eater".
This is achieved by a combination of processes, which take place mainly in the kidneys and gills.
Others are removed by the kidneys, excretory organs that filter wastes from the blood. Kidneys help fishes control the amount of ammonia in their bodies. Saltwater fish tend to lose water because of osmosis.
This fungal disease is widespread, attacking the liver, kidneys and pretty much everywhere else. Infection begins via food and the parasites infect the blood stream, settling down as brown cysts.
The poor water quality a fish experiences when it is kept in an aquarium that is too small can also cause a weakening of the gills, kidneys, liver, and/or heart.
One theory is that Dropsy occurs when kidneys fail due to a bacterial infection, causing fluids to build up in the body.
In freshwater fish, the main function of the kidneys are to expel water that is constantly entering the cells by osmosis.
The urine is formed in the kidneys, situated under the spinal column; it is evacuated through the urinary pore. It is worth mentioning that fish also excrete nitrogenous substances via the branchiae.
Land animals must arrange to get rid of nitrogen wastes from the blood through the kidneys as urea in urine.
The nitrite also damages the nervous system, liver, spleen, and kidneys of fish and other aquatic animals. So their immune system is compromised and they can't fight off infections at a later date. Often fish can die days or even a week later.
Frequent waterchanges and well filtered water(huge filters!)are necessary, the fish pollute a lot since they produce pure urine with their kidneys.
Ascorbic Acid (C)
Functions: - enzyme systems, bone, tooth and cartilage formation and healing
Deficiencies: - hemorrhagic shin, kidneys, liver, intestine and muscle tissue, eye lesions and scoliosis of the spine ...
It enters the aquarium from tap water, sometimes from water treatments like pH buffers and as inorganic phosphorus wasted through the gills and kidneys of animals. It is removed from the aquarium by water changes.
 See also: Water, Fish, Aquarium, Filter, Species
  
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