The muscles and filaments connected to these spinous rays and sockets are linked to the rear skull and vertebrae in the spine in other catfish. These are also attached to the outer walls of the swim bladder and act like springs.
caudal fin symmetrical, supported internally by one epural; first pleural rib on second vertebrae rather than third; primitively, low-set pectoral girdle with a scalelike postcleithrum; an alveolar arm of the premaxillae; ...
Scientific:
They are the smallest vertebrae and catfish belonging to the order Siluriformes. There are around 2000 species of the catfish.
Varieties:
Channel catfish, white catfish, blue catfish, and several varieties can be found.
Hypural notch
the point between the end of the body vertebrae and the beginning of the caudal (tail) fin, the crease in the caudal peduncle (base of
tail area) made by bending the caudal (tail) fin from one side or another.
These are the healthiest reefs I have ever seen - no trash, no breakage, no bleaching, and populated by plethora of vertebrae and invertebrate animals. Mantas, rhinopias, turtles, crinoids, clams and the giant schools of anthias fill the water.
Their skeleton is composed of bone and cartilage, yet they also have certain features that are more characteristic of modern bony fishes like concaved vertebrae, thin bony plates on the head, and a rounded tail.
This along with a different arrangement and number of vertebrae has earned this cichlid it's own genus, Paracyprichromis. Years ago it was thought that these fish were hard to keep, but following simple procedures will result in an easy fish to keep.
Brevibora takes its name from the Latin brevis ("short") and -bora [from Rasbora] and refers to the fewer (8-9) predorsal vertebrae in this fish. The subject species, B. dorsiocellata, is the type species and currently the only species in the genus.
the following unique combination of characters: pectoral fin spine with serrae on both sides, caudal fin lobes subequal or with either lobe slightly longer, posterior nostril velum open posterolaterally, gill raker 5-16, post-Weberian vertebrae 36-44, ...
 See also: Fish, Species, Water, Aquarium, Color
  
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