Upper flyers - The upper arch of a multi-arched flying buttress system.
Vaults - Arched masonry ceilings where the different parts of the curved stonework leans against each other for support.
In order to prevent the outward collapse of the arches, Gothic architects began using a revolutionary flying buttress system. Freestanding brick or stone supports were attached to the exterior walls by an arch or a half-arch.
as Fossanova, Casmari, and San Galgano, all works of great beauty of form and proportion, all vaulted in stone, the two former having fully developed rib vaults with stilted lateral arches in good Gothic form, though in none is the buttress system ...
 See also: Church, Vaulting, Floor, Pointed arch, Gothic arch
  
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