A simple example of an instance-based learning algorithm is the k-nearest neighbor algorithm.
Instance-based learning (aka Case-based or Memory-based or non-parametric). Over a century old, this form of data mining is still being used very intensively by statisticians and machine learners alike.
Instance-based Learning
Instance based learning methods differ from other approaches to function approximately because they delay processing of training examples until they must label a new query instance.
Instance-based learning and k-Nearest neighbor algorithm
Greg Grudic lecture note on Nearest Neighbor Learning (PDF)
Tsechansky lecture note on Data Mining (PPT)
Stefan Carlsson lecture note on Nearest Neighbor density estimation (PDF) ...
 See also: Data mining, Machine learning, Regression, Estimation, Classification
  
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