INSTANTIATION: When looking in a certain direction we (a) expect to see certain visual features in certain cells, as suggested by the active scene frame and (b) we actually see certain features in certain visual regions.
Today, the Loebner Contest is an instantiation, a modern version of the Turing Test. The criticisms surrounding the Loebner contest deals with how the Turing Test is carried out.
Suppose that you are given a database D of examples with m cases where each case corresponds to an instantiation of a set of variables Z.
As a result a conflict set is obtained, which consists of instantiations of all ,satisfied productions. An instantiation of a production is an ordered list of working memory elements that satisfies the left-hand side of the production.
"The Loebner Prize for artificial intelligence ( AI ) is the first formal instantiation of a Turing Test. ... In 1990 Hugh Loebner agreed with The Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies to underwrite a contest designed to implement the Turing Test.
Furthermore, the same behavior may be the instantiation of many different acts.
Although it is motivated by theories of higher-order cognition, it's predictive capacity is more directly related to its mathematical instantiation, ...
Conditioning methods do the transformation by instantiating variables to definite values, and then evaluating a polytree for each possible instantiation.
In (ii) R(X, Y), Q(Y) is the body and the head comprises of a null clause (sub-clause). In fact (ii) represents a query, asking whether R (X, Y), Q (Y) is true, or what are the set of instantiations for X and Y, which makes R (X, Y) ^ Q (Y) true.
 See also: Knowledge, Artificial intelligence, Agent, Percept, Expert system
  
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