Tree representation

GP Tree Representations:
Set-based Strongly-Typed Genetic Programming
Ephemeral Random Constants
Automatically-Defined Functions and Automatically Defined Macros
Multiple tree forests
Six tree-creation algorithms ...

The application of a tree representation (and required genetic operators) for using genetic algorithms to generate programs was first described in 1985 by Cramer.

Advanced Tree Representations
II. PROLOG IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
11. Basic Problem -Solving Strategies
12. Best-First Heuristic Search
13. Problem Decomposition and AND/OR Graphs
14. Constraint Logic Programming
15.

See also: Genetic algorithm, Crossover, Genetic programming, Machine learning, AI