Cluster Method
The method of determining the masses of galaxies in a cluster.
CNO Cycle ...
Moving Cluster Method
In addition to parallax distances the careful measurement of stellar positions allows one to measure the proper motion of stars.
The other direct method is the so-called 'moving cluster method'. This relies on the fact that the stars of a cluster share a common motion through space.
Calculations to second, third or forth order are very common and the code is included in most ab initio quantum chemistry programs. A related but more accurate method is the coupled cluster method.
See also ...
Maser radiation probes small-scale structure in these sources and is now used to measure distances by kinematic means, the equivalent of the classic moving cluster method.
This method is used for distant galaxies.moving cluster method: measure the angular extent of a moving cluster at different times. Measure the cluster's Doppler shift, and compute the radial velocity.
 See also: Sun, Earth, Cluster, Velocity, Orbit
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