Detector characteristics
A major difficulty of this technique is trying to determine the energy of the incoming photon. Researchers don't have the luxury of calibrating their instruments at an accelerator or other laboratory.
Could super-fast pulsars act as gravity wave detectors?
KEITH COOPER
ASTRONOMY NOW
Posted: 06 January 2010 ...
Detector Arrays
During the past few decades, infrared astronomy has become a major field of science due to rapid advances in infrared detector technology. Many of these advances arose from U.
DETECTOR - Any device used to sense the passage of a particle or photon (x-ray, γ-ray, etc.). X-rays can be detected using sealed-gas proportional, gas-flow proportional detectors, and Li-drifted Si semiconductor detectors.
Detectors like this one, from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, are placed deep underground to try to detect dark matter.
Image credit: Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, University of California Berkeley ...
Detector - A device used to measure light once it has been brought into focus by a telescope
Deuterium - An isotope of hydrogen. The nucleus of a deuterium atom is a deuteron ...
Detector
Device for recording the presence of subatomic particles. A typical modem detector consists of an array of electronic sensors connected to a computer, ...
Dust Detectors
CASSINI COSMIC
DUST ANALYZER
Click image for
larger view.
Dust detectors measure the number, velocity, mass, charge, and flight direction of dust particles striking the instrument.
=Dust Detector Subsystem (DDS)
=The Dust Detector Subsystem (DDS) was used to measure the mass, electric charge, and velocity of incoming particles. The masses of dust particles that the DDS can detect go from 10-16 to 10-7 grams.
Metal detectors use electromagnetic induction to detect metal. Uses include de-mining , the detection of weapons such as knives and guns, especially at airport security, geophysics, archaeology and treasure hunting....
and bomb detector ...
[edit] Detector description
The Sudbury Neutrino Detector
The SNO detector target consisted of 1,000 tonnes (1,102 short tons) of heavy water contained in a 6-metre (20 ft) radius acrylic vessel.
Photon Detectors
These devices respond directly to individual photons.
Detectors
CCD
Berry, R. Choosing and Using a CCD Camera: A Practical Guide to Getting Maximum Performance from Your CCD Camera. Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell, 1992.
Detector
A device used to measure the amount of electromagnetic radiation emitted by celestial objects. Frequently, detectors are used to sense light that is not visible.
Deuterium ...
A detector is placed in the nose cone section of a sounding rocket and launched above the atmosphere. This was first done at White Sands missile range in New Mexico with a V2 rocket in 1949.
A detector aboard the Galileo spacecraft when it was orbiting Jupiter in 1998 turned up evidence of a faint ring of dust in a backward orbit around the giant planet, according to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) at Pasadena, California.
a detector that measures the amount of light coming from an object
photometry
the measurement of light intensities ...
UV detectors are sensitive to most fires, including hydrocarbons, metals, sulfur, hydrogen, hydrazine, and ammonia.
Plasma Detector (PWS/PLS)
Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS)
Low Energy Charged Particle Detector (LECP)
Magnetometer (MAG) ...
Gallium detectors are similar to chlorine detectors but more sensitive to low-energy neutrinos. A neutrino would convert gallium to germanium which could then be chemically detected.
Meteoroid Detectors
Twenty 0.025-millimeter beryllium copper pressurized cell detectors were used to provide direct measurements in the near-lunar environment of the rate of penetration by micrometeoroids.
The S-CAM detector under development at the ESTEC laboratory. Image: Astrophysics Division, ESA/ESTEC.
Cosmic-Ray Detector (Prof. James A. Van Allen): An Anton 314 omnidirectional Geiger tube detector was used to measure the flux of energetic charged particles (protons >30 MeV and electrons >3 MeV). The detector was saturated much of the time.
IMAGES AND DETECTORS
Large reflectors are good at forming images of narrow fields of view, where all the light that strikes the mirror surface moves almost parallel to the axis of the instrument.
solid state detector--The plate in the time-of-flight region of the mass spectrometer that measures the kinetic energy of an ion
spicules--Fine, jet-like narrow columns of solar material found in the chromosphere that ascend into the corona ...
An infrasound detector consists of two dozen pipes, each about 3 meters (10 feet) long, arranged radially around a central chamber.
detector (NASA SP-7, 1965) 1. = sensor, sense 1.
2. An instrument employing a sensor, sense 1, to detect the pressure of something in the surrounding environment. detectors (NASA Thesaurus) Sensors or instruments employing a sensor.
phase detector A device that continuously compares the phase of two signals and provides an output proportional to their difference in phase.
Avalanche Photodetector. The solid-state equivalent of a PMT, usually restricted to operation in the red, near-infrared and infrared part of the spectrum. For photon-counting applications, they are operated in the so-called "Geiger Mode".
Schematics for SID detectors have been published in a few places, and I know of some schools and universities that built them for educational purposes. There's also a thriving community of amateur astronomers and others who observe SIDs for fun.
it is expressed as a magnitude, which can be either apparent, whcih depends on an object's intrinsic luminosity and its distance from the detector, or absolute.
Explorations of Neutrino Detectors
Here are some links to the homepages of neutrino ``observatories'' that are in operation around the world. All of the sites will be displayed in another window.
This mission has produced a great deal of information, not only through the images, but also with other detectors such as elevation and magnetic field detectors.
2001 Mars Odyssey, has been orbiting Mars since October 2001.
The directional accuracy of a single detector was (and remains) poor; the best positions for bursts use time-of-flight "triangulation" from multiple detections including interplanetary spacecraft (for the stronger bursts, ...
After eliminating all possible sources of detector or experimental noise they concluded that they were picking up a genuine microwave signal from the sky.
They react with chlorine in the detector to produce a radioactive isotope of argon, which is detectable. Because of its proximity, the sun is expected to be by far the most intense source of neutrinos and has been the initial object of study.
Obviously, replacing an eye with a different detector solves the above problems. Photographic film can be placed at the focal plane of the telescope to record the image.
Explorer 1 carried only one instrument, a small detector of energetic particles, a Geiger counter designed to observe cosmic rays (ions of very high energy and unknown origin, arriving at Earth from distant space--see later section).
Your skin acts as an infrared detector. If you turn the heat up eventually coil begins to glow dull red (take your hand away!). Now in addition to the infrared radiation some noticeable amount of red light is being emitted.
As we move to longer wavelengths, the photons do not interact as strongly with the dust grains, and so provided the dust is not too thick, some fraction of the red light will make it through to our detectors.
Using highly sensitive infrared detectors called large-format arrays, astronomers at Mauna Kea Observatory have recorded hundreds of the faintest galaxies ever observed, most of them clustered at a distance of 6 billion light-years.
Astronomers are building a giant neutrino detector in the ice beneath the South Pole. Known as IceCube, it is located in the cluster of sheds and vehicles at right center of their aerial view.
Onboard detectors will measure radiation to determine the minerals that make up Mars. The detectors will also measure the composition, pressure, water content, dust content, and changes in the Martian atmosphere.
When accurate thermal observations became possible through the use of infrared detectors, reasonable conclusions about the outer surface characteristics could finally be made.
bubble chamber (radiation detector)
catastrophism (geology)
detection system
electron capture (physics)
linear accelerator (physics)
magnetic moment (physics)
microwave radiation (physics)
neutron (subatomic particle)
nuclear bomb ...
It took them years to analyze the data because rather than relying on automatic detectors to spot new particles, ...
Instruments for detecting infrared radiation include heat-sensitive devices such as thermocouple detectors, ...
"The difference in their contributions is mainly the capability of their equipment - if the amateurs had the big telescopes and sensitive detectors, they would be cranking out the same type of results (on a learning curve of course).
The GRS instrument had three detector systems that together measured the spectra of flare X-rays and gamma rays with energies from 14keV to 140 MeV.
short for MCSA/SD, a digital, energy-efficient, real-time, multichannel spectrum analyzer and signal detector; ...
The spacecraft also has detectors that observe gamma-ray bursts. Gamma-ray bursts are brief flashes of gamma rays. Scientists think most of these bursts come from exploding stars that become black holes as their cores collapse.
Energy-loss stack The arrangement in an instrument of a stack of detectors, each of which measures the energy loss of particles as they slow and stop in the stack. Energy-loss stacks are used in both the SIS and CRIS instruments on the ACE spacecraft.
A sensitive radiation detector.
Celestial sphere
An imaginary sphere surrounding the Earth. It is used to help astronomers explain where objects a found in the sky.
ASM
All Sky Monitor. Many high-energy satellites have carried ASM detectors, including the ASM on Vela 5B, Ariel V, and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer.
astronomical unit (AU)
149,597,870 km; the average distance from the Earth to the Sun.
charged-coupled device (CCD) - An array of electronic detectors of electromagnetic radiation, used at the focus of a telescope (or camera lens). A CCD acts like a photographic plate of very high sensitivity.
Photodiode - An photodetector that converts light (photons) into an electric charge (electrons) through the photoelectric effect. The photodiode is the heart of the sensor in a digital camera.
The human eye is a logarithmic detector, and in 1854 Pogson formalized this scale and defined a difference of 5 magnitudes to be exactly a factor of 100 in brightness.
Note that this list is continually changing as astronomers discover nearby stars with ever more sensitive detectors in a variety of spectral ranges, especially the infrared, where numerous small stars emit their energy.
A high-energy astrophysics "experiment" used to investigate gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). BATSE consisted of eight detectors that were mounted on the corners of NASA’s Earth-orbiting Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, whose mission ended in 2000.
Tiny ovens - used to heat rock samples
Rock Grinder
Microscope
Cameras
X-ray detectors
PLUTO - A mole on a leash that will burrow under rocks collecting samples ...
 See also: Energy, Light, Earth, Time, Universe
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