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Horizon

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Horizon
From LoveToKnow 1911
HORIZON (Gr. 6piTcov, dividing), the apparent circle around which the sky and earth seem to meet.

 


Horizon
Related Category: Astronomy: General
in astronomy, roughly circular line bounding an observer's view of the surface of the earth where the sky and earth seem to meet. This is the visible horizon.

Horizontal branch
The horizontal branch (HB) is a stage of stellar evolution which immediately follows the red giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun's.

horizon
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The horizontal branches of some globular clusters have extended blue tails (at the high-temperature end of the branch) which dip to lower luminosities, whose stars are called extreme horizontal branch stars.

Duffett-Smith, P. "Horizon Coordinates," "Equatorial to Horizon Coordinate Conversion," and "Horizon to Equatorial Coordinate Conversion." §17, 25, and 26 in Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 26, 36-37, and 38-39, 1992.

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New Horizons
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Event horizon
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Definition: event horizon: The distance from a black hole within which nothing can escape. In addition, nothing can prevent a particle from hitting the singularity in a very short amount of proper time once it has entered the horizon.

The cosmic particle horizon is related to the age of the Universe. Its size certainly grows, but with the age of the Universe, not with the expansion of the Universe. As the expansion slows, we certainly would see more in the future than in the past.

Horizontal plane
In astronomy, geography, geometry and related sciences and contexts, a Plane is said to be horizontal at a given point if it is locally perpendicular to the gradient of the Gravitation Field , i.e.

If you are standing atop a mountain 1 km high, h = 1 km and your horizon should be 112.88 km away (we neglect the refraction of light in the atmosphere, which may modify this value).

When the Moon is nestled along the horizon, however, we see it surrounded by a foreground of familiar Earth-bound objects -- trees, buildings, or distant landmarks.

The horizon problem results from the premise that information cannot travel faster than light, and hence two regions of space which are expanding at faster than the speed of light relative to each other cannot communicate.

HORIZON PROBLEM
Adapted from P. Coles, 1999, The Routledge Critical Dictionary of the New Cosmology, Routledge Inc.

Horizontal branch stars are characterized by helium core burning and hydrogen burning in a shell surrounding the core.
2. What element makes up the core of a massive star just before it goes supernova?
Iron.

Horizon
The great circle on the celestial sphere 90 degrees from the astronomical zenith.

Horizontal contrasts of temperature were measured by Voyager in two broad altitude ranges, one located in the range of 60 to 200 millibars and the other of 500 to 1,000 millibars.

horizon problem One of two conceptual problems with the standard Big Bang model, which is that some regions of the universe which have very similar properties are too far apart to have exchanged information in the age of the universe.

horizontal branch - (n.)
A sequence of stars in the H-R diagram of a globular cluster, extending horizontally across the diagram to the left from the red-giant region.

HORIZONTAL BRANCH
The horizontal branch is a part of the Hertzsprung -Russell (H-R) diagram that represents stars that burn helium in thier cores. These mostly large stars lie along the top of the H-R diagram.

horizon ~ system: {or altazimuth system} [a,A] or [ALT,AZ] the simplest celestial co-ordinate system, it is based on altitude and azimuth. It is fundamental in navigation as well as in terrestrial surveying.

Horizon -- The line marking the apparent junction of Earth and sky. For the technical definition, please follow this link to the U.S. Naval Observatory's Astronomical Applications.
h -- Hour, 60 minutes of time.

Horizontal Branch: Stars that are burning Helium in their core lie along a nearly horizontal line in the HR diagram referred to as the Horizontal Branch.

Horizontal Branch
In the H-R diagram of a globular cluster, the sequence of stars extending from the red giants toward the blue side of the diagram; includes RR Lyrae stars.
Horoscope ...

horizon -- the line separating the sky from the ground. See also cosmic horizon.

Horizon Problem
(a) A quandary in standard big bang theory, which indicates that few of the particles of the early universe would have had time to be in causal contact with one another at the outset of cosmic expansion.

Horizon. The great circle on the celestial sphere which is everywhere 90 degrees from the observers zenith, the point directly overhead the observer.
Hours, Minutes, Seconds (h, m, s). Measure of time or right ascension.

Horizons also play a role for other kinds of solutions. In an expanding universe, some regions of the past can be unobservable ("particle horizon"), and some regions of the future cannot by any means be influenced (event horizon); in both cases, ...

Horizon System - A coordinate system, using altitude and azimuth as coordinates, used to locate the positions of objects in the sky ...

The horizon size at the last-scattering surface, important not only for big questions of causal connectivity but in the growth of perturbations, is 184 (W h²) -1/2 Mpc.

The horizon is the plane which defines the half of the sky that you can see.
Altitude is the angle between the object you are looking at and your horizon.

The horizon problem is solved by inflation because regions that appear to be isolated from each other were in contact with each other before the inflation period. They came into equilibrium before inflation expanded them far away from each other.

New Horizons Â- Pluto Fast Flyby Â- Pluto Kuiper Express
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Event Horizon
The "surface" of a black hole is the so-called event horizon, an imaginary surface surrounding the mass of the black hole.

event horizon
The boundary of the region of a black hole from which no radiation may escape. No event that occurs within the event horizon is visible to a distant observer.
evolutionary track ...

Event Horizon
The spherical outer boundary of a black hole. Once matter crosses this threshold, the speed required for it to escape the black hole's gravitational grip is greater than the speed of light.
Excited State ...

event horizon
The radius that a spherical mass must be compressed to in order to transform it into a black hole, or the radius at which time and space switch responsibilities.

Event horizon- the "edge" of a black hole: and imaginary surface where the escape velocity reaches the speed of light ...

Event Horizon
The invisible boundary around a black hole past which nothing can escape the gravitational pull - not even light.

EVENT HORIZON
The event horizon is the radius from a inside of which it is impossible to escape (a "point of no return" called the ). It is also the radius at which a mass must be compressed down to in order to turn it into a black hole.

Azimuth Horizontal co-ordinate of an object's position in the sky. Derived by drawing an imaginary vertical line from the object to the horizon below. The position is then expressed in degrees east from the north point.

Pour son horizon. L'astronomie est la science avec les plus grands horizons, pleine de nouvelles technologies. L'astronomie est un attrait pour un jeune (6 ans et plus), plein d'excitement. Des découvertes importantes sont faites annuellement.

Over Eros' Horizon
This incredible picture of Eros, taken on February 14, 2000, shows the view looking from one end of the asteroid across the gouge on its underside and toward the opposite end.

* Given a true horizon, as at sea, the center of the Sun on the equinox should set twelve hours after it rises -- at least in theory.

1. Use the JPL Horizons Ephemerides program to get the J2000 astrometric coordinates and the apparent coordinates for the time I was planning on observing Himalia.
2. Download the Digitized Sky Survey photograph centered at the apparent coordinates.

As Venus sunk below horizon, it was dark enough to located starfield of the first target - (in)famous M74.

Low on the southern horizon lies the crown jewel of spring equatorial skies. There are now six constellations among these stars. They are Puppis the Poop, Vela the Sails, Pyxis the Compass, Carina the Keel, Volans the Flying Fish and Columba the Dove.

the angle along the horizon measured eastward from due north to the point on the horizon directly below an object
B
bolide ...

M-display (NASA SP-7, 1965) In radar, a display in which target distance is determined by moving an adjustable blip along the baseline until it coincides with the horizontal position of the target signal deflections.

The geocentric parallax when a body is in the horizon is called horizontal parallax and is the angular semidiameter of the earth as seen from the body. Parallax of the moon is called lunar parallex.

Initial Phase: Of a geomagnetic storm, that period when there may be an increase of the MIDDLE-LATITUDE horizontal intensity (H).

Much more accurate and detailed data is available from JPL's Horizons telnet interface or the Solar System Dynamics Web site
How to compute planetary positions, by Paul Schlyter
Tutorial on computing planetary positions, by Paul Schlyter ...

In temperate northern summers, Scorpius glides above the southern horizon, its lower curved tail almost out of sight, while in the temperate southern winter, the constellation passes high overhead.

On the variations of the daily mean horizontal force of the Earth's magnetism produced by the sun's rotation and the moon's synodical and tropical revolutions, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 166, 387-404, 1876.
Chernosky, E. J.

albedo surface reflectivity altitude the angular distance of an object above or below the horizon angstrom (Å) commonly used to measure the wavelength of light; ...

Although comets can be present in any region of the sky, they are often discovered near the western horizon after sunset or near the eastern horizon before sunrise, since they are brightest when closest to the Sun.

The moon rises and sets every day, appearing on the horizon just like the sun. The time depends on the phase of the moon.

Start by going outside about 10 pm, and looking ten degrees north of east, and 76 1/2 degrees above the horizon. This is very high above the horizon. Remember, straight above your head (the zenith) is 90 degrees above the horizon.

See also: Earth, Light, Time, Sun, Planet