Ionosphere
A weakly ionized region of the 's atmosphere which conducts electricity. The ionosphere lies at the base of the above the 60-km altitude, and reflects radio frequencies below about 30 MHz.
The ionosphere is a shell of electrons and electrically charged atoms and molecules that surrounds the Earth, stretching from a height of about 50 km to more than 1000 km. It owes its existence primarily to ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
Definition: ionosphere: A region of charged particles in a planet's upper atmosphere; the part of the Earth's atmosphere beginning at an altitude of about 25 miles and extending outward 250 miles or more.
ionosphere--Region of the Earth's atmosphere that is ionized by the Sun's emissions
limb--The edge of the Sun's disk
mass spectrometer--An instrument that measures the types of ions found in the solar wind ...
ionosphere Layer in Earth's atmosphere above about 100 km where the atmosphere is significantly ionized, and conducts electricity.
ionosphere
an atmospheric layer with a high concentration of ions and free electrons
irregular galaxy ...
Ionosphere. The region of the Earth's upper atmosphere containing a small percentage of free electrons and ions produced by photoionization of the constituents of the atmosphere by solar ultraviolet radiation at very short wavelengths (less than ...
IONOSPHERE - Region of charged particles in a planet's upper atmosphere; the Earth's ionosphere is at an altitude of ~40-400 km.
IRON-WUSTITE BUFFER - Reference buffer to which the oxygen fugacity of a system may be compared: ...
Ionosphere: The outer layers of the Earth's atmosphere (above 50 miles from the surface of the Earth), where many of the gas atoms are ionized by high-energy extraterrestrial radiation.
Ionosphere--a region covering the highest layers in the Earth´s atmosphere, containing an appreciable population of ions and free electrons. The ions are created by sunlight ranging from the ultra-violet to x-rays.
Ionosphere. The region of the Earth's atmosphere that lies above the stratosphere and below the exosphere.
Ionosphere
(a) The region of Earth's atmosphere (80-500 km), immediately above the stratosphere. The ionosphere consists of the D layer, the E layer, and the F layers (q.v.). It is strongest at the end of the day.
Ionosphere - The lower part of the thermosphere of a planet in which many atoms have been ionized by ultraviolet solar photons
Iron Meteorite - A meteorite composed primarily of iron and nickel ...
IONOSPHERE
The ionosphere is one of the highest layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The ionosphere starts at about 43-50 miles (70-80 km) high and continues for hundreds of miles (about 400 miles = 640 km).
ionosphere
Radio Astronomy
We CAN walk through walls since we're only 0.01% substance ...
Ionosphere
A region of the Earth's upper atmosphere where solar radiation ionizes the air molecules. This region affects the transmission of radio waves and extends from 50 to 400 kilometers (30 to 250 miles) above the Earth's surface.
Ionosphere. Ionization of the planet's upper atmospheric gas by solar radiation produces the charged-particle atmosphere -- the ionosphere -- that acts as an obstacle to the solar wind.
ionosphere - (n.)
The zone of the earth's upper atmosphere, between 80- and 500-km altitude, where charged subatomic particles (chiefly protons and electrons) are trapped by the earth's magnetic field. ~ See Also: Van Allen belts.
-Ionosphere: The ionosphere starts at about 43-50 miles (70-80 km) high and continues for hundreds of miles (about 400 miles = 640 km). It contains many and free electrons ( ).
Because the ionosphere is an ohmic conductor of sorts, such flow will heat it up.
On earth the ionosphere is isolated from the solar wind by the magnetosphere. Venus lacks a magnetic field of its own, but the solar wind seems to generate an induced magnetosphere, probably by a dynamo action involving its own magnetic field.
A glow in the ionosphere of a planet or moon caused by the interaction between the object's magnetic field and charged particles from the Sun; "aurora" is Latin for "dawn.
Region of the ionosphere above the F layers. [H76]
F-Spot
see Sunspots [H76]
F Star ...
Charge neutrality is then restored by electrons drawn upwards as the downward region 2 current, and electrons dumped into the ionosphere (plus some ions drawn up) to create the corresponding upward currents.
magnetic crotchet (NASA SP-7, 1965) A sudden change in the earth's magnetic field due to an increase in the conductivity of the lower ionosphere. See sudden ionospheric disturbance.
aurora (Latin for "dawn") a glow in a planet's ionosphere caused by the interaction between the planet's magnetic field and charged particles from the Sun aurora borealis the "Northern Lights"; ...
A daytime layer of the earth's IONOSPHERE approximately 50 to 90 km in altitude. DARK SURGE ON DISK (DSD). Dark gaseous ejections visible in H-ALPHA. DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION. The change in SOLAR ROTATION RATE with latitude.
"From the ionosphere to high energy astronomy - a personal experience". The Century of Space Science. Springer. ISBN 0792371968.
^ a b Liu, C. Z.; Li, T. P. (1999). "X-Ray Spectral Variability in Cygnus X-1".
Where is the "contact surface" (the cometary ionosphere boundary) and what are the number density and chemical composition of the ions in the cometary ionosphere?
Another effect is that the shorter radio waves act more like light, travelling in straight lines that are not reflected back towards the Earth by the ionosphere, resulting in a shorter effective reception range.
The lower atmosphere supplies gas to the ionosphere, where the densities are low, temperatures high, and components separate by diffusion according to their mass.
The magnetospheric plasma has an abundance of electrons: some are magnetically trapped, some reside in the magnetotail, and some exist in the upward extension of the ionosphere, which may extend (with diminishing density) some 25, ...
The Mesosphere and Ionosphere
Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere and above that is the ionosphere (or thermosphere), where many atoms are ionized (have gained or lost electrons so they have a net electrical charge).
Above about 100 km, in the ionosphere, the atmosphere is significantly ionized by the high-energy portion of the Sun's radiation spectrum, which breaks down molecules into atoms and atoms into ions. The degree of ionization increases with altitude.
Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Mission (TIMED) →
This Month in Exploration
Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) ...
Bright auroras are generally associated with Birkeland currents (Schield et al., 1969; Zmuda and Armstrong, 1973) which flow down into the ionosphere on one side of the pole and out on the other.
The primary affect on the Earth is on our ionosphere. This is the very upper part of the . Increased sunspot activity frequently accompanies an increase in the outflow of from the sun in the form of a "solar wind".
Observing at low frequencies is difficult as the Earth's ionosphere, a layer between 400 and 1,000 kilometres above the Earth, interferes with incoming radio waves.
Sunspot activity on the Sun charges up our Earth's Ionosphere. The charged Ionosphere lets radio waves bounce more effectively back to Earth, and improves long distance radio coverage (especially in the shortwave radio bands).
Study daily variations in Saturn's ionosphere and search for outflowing plasma in the magnetic cusp region, study radio signals from lightning in Saturn's atmosphere, investigate Saturn Electric Discharges (SED). Many more objectives.
Study the Martian sub-surface, surface, atmosphere and ionosphere.
The other spacecraft was the Beagle 2 lander.
asteroid orbit computation (in asteroid (astronomy): Early discoveries)
atmospheric science (in ionosphere and magnetosphere (atmospheric science): Discovery of the ionosphere)
mathematics
(in mathematics: Gauss) ...
The mesosphere is the atmospheric layer between the stratosphere and the ionosphere. The mesosphere is characterized by temperatures that quickly decrease as height increases.
It is an important indicator of solar activity because it tends to follow the changes in the solar ultraviolet that influence the Earth's upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Many models of the upper atmosphere use the 10.
By monitoring the radio signals during the spacecraft occultation, scientists discovered that Io had a high concentration of electrons close to its surface indicating that it had an ionosphere.
as seen from the Earth, rotates about its axis once in just over 27 days and its activity rises and falls over an approximately 11 year cycle, producing variations in the Earth's magnetic field and changes in our upper atmosphere (the ionosphere) ...
Solar flares emit large quantities of UV and X-ray radiation which, after some 8 minutes travel time to Earth, can cause a sudden increase in the density of ionized particles in the lower D- and E- regions of the sunlit side of the Earth's ionosphere.
stratosphere -- An upper portion of a planetary atmosphere, above the troposphere and below the ionosphere, characterized by relatively uniform temperature and horizontal winds.
If the pulse is strong enough, it energizes ions at the border of the stratosphere and ionosphere and causes them to glow as the leading edge of the pulse expands in a spherical fashion.
Its primary objectives were to investigate the solar wind in the Venusian environment, use radar imaging to map Venus' surface and study the characteristics of the Venusian upper atmosphere and ionosphere.
than the light of the flare and reach the vicinity of Earth a day or two later; they pose a potential radiation hazard to human beings in space. Flare-emitted radiation and particles, by their interaction with Earth's magnetic field and ionosphere, ...
It does have an extremely sensitive radio receiver that may be able to detect thermal radiation from the impact fireballs once they rise sufficiently high above interference from the Jovian ionosphere (upper atmosphere) and to measure a precise time ...
Gas atoms and molecules absorb X-rays and gamma ( γ )-rays. Whilst the atmosphere is transparent to many radio wavelengths, atmospheric absorption becomes a problem < 2 cm and the ionosphere reflects waves > few metres.
 See also: Earth, Atmosphere, Solar, Field, Time
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