Lava likely made river-like channel on Mars
KEITH COOPER
ASTRONOMY NOW
Posted: 09 March 2010 ...
From Lava Lamps to Lava Flows
The urge of the mantle to lose heat can also cause rock to bubble up toward the surface in blobs.
Lava flows
This mosaic highlights a system of east-trending, radar-bright and dark lava flows that collide with and breach a north-trending ridge belt (left of center).
lava dome Volcanic formations formed when lava oozes out of fissures in a planet's surface, creating the dome, and then withdraws, causing the crust to crack and subside.
light See electromagnetic radiation.
Lava texture
Two types of lava are named according to the surface texture: Aa (pronounced IPA ["a"a]) and pāhoehoe (pronounced [paːho͡eːho͡eː]), both words having Hawaiian origins.
Lava: Fluid magma that flows onto the surface of a planet or moon; erupted from a volcano or fissure. Also, the rock formed by solidification of this material.
lava
molten rock that is erupted onto the surface of a planet and is hot enough to flow.
lava is a Provinces of Spain of northern Spain in the southern part of the Autonomous communities of Spain of the Basque Country . The province has a population of 301,926 and an area of 2.963 km? ....
Ancient Lava Flows on the Moon
The false-color photograph of the Moon, at left, is a composite of 15 images of the Moon taken through three color filters by the Galileo spacecraft's solid- state imaging system on December 8, 1992, ...
Lava flows can be characterized by smooth surfaces and the presence of channels, levees, pressure ridges, flow margins, and flow directions. These characteristics provide important information about lava flow formation and the underlying topography.
LAVA
Lava is molten rock. It usually comes out of erupting volcanoes.
LEAP YEAR
Leap years are years with an extra day (February 29); this happens almost every four years.
Lava flowed outward through cracks in the mantle and formed the intercrater plains. The oldest surfaces are about 4.2 billion years old.
Lava flows on Mars have impact craters which suggests that the flows are very old, and that the volcanoes are not active.
Lava flows in the Western
Eistla Regio extend for
hundreds of kilometers
across fractured plains to
the base of Gula Mons, a
three-km (1.86-mile) high
volcano (upper left), and
to two-km (1.2-mile) high ...
- Arimura Lava Observatory at Mount Sakurajima near Kagoshima, Japan
- Telescope Exhibit at the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles ...
Studies of lava flows on Steens Mountain, Oregon, indicate that the magnetic field could have shifted at a rate of up to 6 degrees per day at some time in Earth's history, ...
Cake Batter Lava (Viscosity) (PDF, 328 KB): Participants use cake batter to simulate surface lava flows with channels, levees, and ridges.
Grade Level: 5-8
Can Photosynthesis Occur at Saturn?
Patches of hot lava and sulfur-rich minerals fill a volcano known as Tupan Patera on Io, one of the moons of Jupiter. This and hundreds of other volcanoes belch gas far above Io's surface.
lava (NASA Thesaurus) A general term for a molten extrusive; also, for the rock that is solidified from it.
Once the huge mare lava eruptions had diminished, apparently the Moon's heat source had run down.
effusive eruption a relative quiet volcanic eruption which puts out basaltic lava that moves at about the speed one walks; the lava is fluid in nature; the eruptions at the Kilauea volcano on the island of Hawaii are effusive Einstein, ...
These craters range in size up to many hundreds of kilometers, but the most enormous craters have been flooded by lava, and only parts of the outline are visible. The low elevation maria (seas) have fewer craters than other areas.
The impacts on the near side of the Moon would be eventually covered up by lava (see the next step). Those produced on the far side would eventually get covered up by later smaller impacts. This is the time of the Heavy Bombardment.
3.5-3 b.y.a.
For example, a crater with a floor of lava, a "walled plain", is a two-step process. The crater must have been there first and the lava filled in the floor of the crater at a LATER time.
It formed originally from molten lava which possibly issued from an ancient Martian volcano, about 4.5 billion years ago.
volcanic lava flows. Meteorites that formed from igneous processes are called achondrites, meaning without chondrules.
It stretches 24km high above the lava plains around it and it has a base measuring 600km. Mars has an average surface temperature of about -23C. Its atmospheric content includes 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen and 1.6% argon.
Io was found to have at least 12 active volcanoes erupting lava at temperatures over 1200 degrees Celsius. Scientists believe that lava at one of the sites reaches a temperature of over 1700 degrees Celsius.
Images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope show a basaltic surface indicative of ancient lava flows originating from a molten interior and a giant crater, about 285 mi (460 km) across and 8 mi (13 km) deep, ...
Darwin reasoned that a stream of lava from the ancient volcanoes had flowed over what had been ancient seabed, baking it to form the hard white rock. The whole island had subsequently been heaved up to make the sea cliff from the white band downward.
Magma is molten rock (lava) from which igneous rock forms.
MAGNETAR
A magnetar is a highly magnetic star. Magnetar have magnetic fields of about 1015 Gauss, about a thousand trillion times stronger than the Earth's.
Every once in a while a very large object would crash hard enough into the Moon to break through its surface rock causing lava to ooze out. When you see a dark spot you are looking at an ancient bed of lava rock from one of these impacts.
Many surface features can be identified including volcanoes and lava fields. European Southern Observatory.
It is mostly covered with great plains, left over from prehistoric lava flows. These plains are broken up by great cliffs that run for hundreds of kilometers.
However, the absence of evidence of lava flow accompanying any of the visible caldera remains an enigma. The planet has few impact craters, demonstrating that the surface is relatively young, approximately 300'600 million years old.
To find out whether Martian lava rocks are similar to any of those found on Earth, Christensen started to collect different rocks from around the world to study them.
They actually turned out to be basaltic flows, hardened lava which long ago flowed out of fissures on the Moon; no present-day volcanism on the Moon has been reliably identified.
They are in fact the solidified lava flows, which occurred after the formation of the lunar crust. Most of the "hills" are craters, not volcanoes. The in-fall of massive objects onto the surface of the Moon creates those craters.
The more powerful radar aboard the Magellan spacecraft has revealed huge active volcanoes, large solidified lava flows, and a vast array of meteorite craters.
Now it known that the mare are vast lava flows that spread out over many hundreds of square miles, covering up many craters that were originally there.
The other school of thought at the time believed that they were great solidified lava flows. We now know them to be majestic stretches of solidfied lava after all, covered in between a few centimeters to a few inches of Moon dust.
A narrow, winding valley on the moon caused by ancient lava flows along narrow channels.
Smooth Plain
Apparently young plains on Mercury formed by lava flows at or soon after the formation of the Caloris Basin ...
basalt: Dark, igneous rock characteristic of solidified lava.
belts: One of the dark bands of clouds that circle Jupiter parallel to its equator; generally red, brown, or blue-green; believed to be regions of descending gas.
Ariel (right), next, is covered with complex fractures and grooves. Probably they are the result of ice seeping to the surface, then freezing and expanding. Ariel also has lava-filled valleys. The lava is made of a mixture of water and liquid ammonia ...
by erosion or lava flows). Young surfaces exhibit few impact craters and are typically varied and complex. In contrast an "old" surface is one that has changed relatively little over geologic time.
MPL3D Solar System - Sun lava
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This is because early in its life the moon was bombarded with meteorites that were left over from the formation of the solar system. When lava flowed into the low lying regions it covered the craters in these basins.
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243. Mare
One of the lunar lowlands filled by successive flows of dark lava.
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244. Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object.
Erosion by wind and water, deposits of wind-blown sand and water-carried sediment, and lava flows in due time tend to obscure or bury the craters left by impacts.
The term is also applied to the less well-defined areas on Mars. Although maria literally means "seas," watery regions do not exist on the Moon or Mars. Marias on the Moon may be evidence of past volcanic lava flows.
Highlands - Places on the moon that are above the level that may have been smoothed by flowing lava.
Light year - the distance that light travels in one year.
Lunar eclipse - When the moon passes into the earth's shadow.
Ganymede has mountains, valleys, craters, and cooled lava flows. Its ancient surface resembles Earth's Moon, and it is also suspected of having a sub-surface ocean.
 See also: Earth, Planet, Solar, Moon, Crater
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