Rays

Rays come in a variety of sizes and colors. The giant Manta Ray can reach over 19 feet in width, and has a dark-blue top with an almost white bottom. Although they are very large, the Manta Rays are usually passive and gentle.

X-rays from Free Electrons The mechanisms for producing x-rays from free electrons are similar to those responsible for production of other energies of electromagnetic radiation.

Gamma rays were discovered by the French chemist and physicist Paul Ulrich Villard in 1900, while he was studying uranium.

Cosmic rays Cosmic rays (CR) are not really rays at all, but particles. They are ionised atoms ranging from a single proton up to an iron nucleus and beyond, but being typically protons and alpha particles.

Cosmic rays actually do cause bit rot. A study in the 80s by IBM placed RAM testers in Boulder, Colorado, Leadville, New York City, and underground in Kansas City.

In addition, they are invariably tilted at an angle around 45°, to make sure that the arrival of the sun's rays is as close to perpendicular as possible.

rays -- long, narrow, light-colored markings on the Moon or other bodies that radiate from young craters. Rays are debris "splashed" out of the crater by the impact that formed it.

Rays - Long, narrow light streaks on the Moon and other bodies that radiate from relatively young craters. Rays consist of material ejected from a crater at the time it was formed by an impact ...

X-RAYS X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation (between ultraviolet light and gamma rays in wavelength, frequency, and energy) - basically, it's light that is way past the blue-violet end of the visible spectrum - we cannot see it.

X-rays from the Sun Parts of the Sun The Sun has several layers: the core, the radiation zone, the convection zone, and the photosphere (which is the surface of the Sun).

X-rays were discovered being emitted by a crescent-shaped part of the sunward-facing coma of Comet Hyakutake, 20,000 km away from the nucleus.

X-rays from the sunlit portion of the Moon show that the lunar rocks and soil contain oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, and silicon.

X-rays span 3 decades in wavelength, frequency and energy. From about 0.12 to 12 keV they are classified as soft X-rays, and from about 12 to 120 keV as hard X-rays, due to their penetrating abilities.

X-Rays (a) Photons of wavelengths between about 0.1 Å and 100 Å - more energetic than ultraviolet, but less energetic than -rays. (b) A large band of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths smaller than extreme ultraviolet light.

X-Rays are also represented in the Great Observatories, with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, renamed (from AXAF) in honor of the great Indian astrophysicist Chandrasekhar.

X-Rays Electromagnetic radiation with very short wavelengths and very high energies and frequencies. X-rays fall between gamma rays and ultraviolet radiation; also called X-radiation or Roentgen ray.

X-rays from hot corona; may become neon white dwarf 3 Rigil Kentaurus A ...

X-rays and, to some extent, infrared rays do not penetrate the Earth's atmosphere, so mapping the sky at these wavelengths has to be undertaken from orbiting satellites.

X-rays remove electrons from atoms and ions, and those photoelectrons can provoke secondary ionizations. As the intensity is often low, this heating is only efficient in warm, less dense atomic medium (as the column density is small).

X-rays: Electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between those of ultraviolet and of gamma rays. Z Zond: Series of lunar probes.

X-rays: sudden ionospheric disturbances (SID) When the sun is active, strong solar flare Solar flare ...

X-rays. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than ultraviolet light but longer than gamma rays. Y Year, anomalistic. The period for successive perihelion passages of the Earth, a little less than 5 minutes longer than the sidereal year.

The rays, rendered parallel by the collimator objective, meet a plane mirror (f) of silvered glass, which reflects them to the prisms (g, g'). These are of dense flint-glass (Schott 0.102), and each has a refracting angle of 63° 29'.

Gamma rays are difficult to observe from ground-based telescopes due to atmospheric interference, and high-altitude balloons, sounding rockets, and orbiting observatories are therefore used.

Gamma-rays coming from space are mostly absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. So gamma-ray astronomy could not develop until it was possible to get our detectors above all or most of the atmosphere, using balloons or spacecraft.

Gamma Rays Now Showing at the YPOP Theater! Scientists look at the Sun with special telescopes that are able to see only specific colors of light -- even the wavelengths that are invisible to your eye.

Gamma rays High energy electromagnetic radiation (in excess of 100 keV) which can be generated by nuclear reactions in space. This is an image of the EGRET gamma ray all-sky survey - above 100 MeV. More about gamma rays in "Imagine the Universe!"...

Gamma rays have too high an energy to be focussed with even the shallow angle reflecting technique, so gamma ray telescopes simply point in a desired direction and count the number of photons coming from that direction.

Gamma Rays Light with the shortest wavelengths and the highest energies and frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum; also called gamma radiation. Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) ...

Gamma rays 1 nm = 10-9 m Electromagnetic spectrum image courtesy of Amazing Space at the Space Telescope Science Institute ...

Light rays here travel a much longer path through the relatively cloud-free upper atmosphere.

Gamma rays- the highest energy, shortest wavelength electromagnetic radiation of all Gegenschein- a round or elongated spot of light in the sky at a point 180 degrees from the sun; also called counter glow ...

Gamma rays -- Electromagnetic radiation in the neighborhood of 100 femtometers wavelength. GCF -- Ground Communications Facilities, provides data and voice communications between JPL and the three DSCCs.

(a) X-rays emitted when fast electrons are slowed down violently, as when electrons strike the target in an x-ray tube. The word translates as 'braking radiation'.

Cosmic rays High-speed particles that reach the Earth from Outer Space. Cosmology ...

cosmic rays Atomic nuclei (mostly protons) that are observed to strike the Earth's atmosphere with exceedingly high energies.

Cosmic Rays: Cosmic rays are very high energy atomic nuclei (mostly protons) traveling through space at high speeds close to that of light.

Cosmic rays: Extremely high-energy subatomic particles that continuously bombard Earth from all directions. Most cosmic rays hit and break up atomic nuclei in the upper atmosphere.

COSMIC RAYS Cosmic rays are very high energy particles that travel through space near the speed of light. The 10 most abundant elements in cosmic rays are hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon, neon, nitrogen, magnesium, silicon, iron, and sulfur.

Certain X-rays sources that "flicker" rapidly for short intervals. R Radial Velocity ...

describing rays of light that are just beyond red in the color spectrum. Infrared light rays cannot be seen, by the naked eye, but can be seen with special cameras.

The cosmic rays arriving at the top of the earth's atmosphere. primary mirror - (n.) The principal light-gathering mirror in a reflecting telescope.

Skates and rays are relatives of sharks. Sharks tend to be relatively flattened fishes, ...

moonlight: rays of light which reach the observer directly from the Moon, having originally been sunlight reflected by the Moon's surface. There is usually sufficient light to cast a shadow only between the 1st and 3rd quarters of the Moon.

ULTRAVIOLET RAYS Ultraviolet rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation with very short wavelengths (below those of the color blue). Ultraviolet rays are invisible to us.

Parallel rays striking the reflector are brought to a focus at a point, or if the source of the rays is placed at the focus, the reflected rays are parallel.

cascade shower (NASA SP-7, 1965) A group occurrence of cosmic rays. Also called air shower.

Electromagnetic Spectrum The entire range of all the various kinds or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including (from short to long wavelengths) gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, optical (visible), infrared, and radio waves.

GAMMA RAYS. High energy radiation (energies in excess of 100 keV) observed during large, extremely energetic solar FLARES. GAUSS. The unit of magnetic induction in the cgs (centimeter-gram- second) system. GEOMAGNETIC ELEMENTS.

High-energy galactic cosmic rays--primarily protons--have a range of penetration on the order of a few metres in meteoritic material. Any meteoroid of smaller dimensions will be radiated throughout by this proton bombardment.

The X rays are coming from an accretion disk which is formed when the gas goes into orbit around that compact object. If the gas falls down toward the black hole it gains speed (and hence energy) from falling in a gravitational field.

It would lose energy in radio waves, infra red, visible light, ultra violet, x-rays, and gamma rays, all at the same rate.

The heated ISM can set up a global (or super) wind, detetcable in optical line emission, scattered starlight, and soft X-rays (most prominently from the interface at the edge of the roughly conical outflow).

Each portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared and radio) brings us unique information about the Universe and the objects within it.

Doppler shifts in its spectrum show that a companion object of 10 to 15 solar masses must be in orbit around it; evidence exists that the X rays originate near the companion.

Gamma Ray Bursts - In terms of gamma rays, a Magnetar (a type of neutron star) called SGR 1806-20, had an extreme burst on 27 December 2004.

The corona shines brightly in x-rays because of its high temperature. On the other hand, the "cool" solar photosphere emits very few x-rays. This allows us to view the corona across the disk of the Sun when we observe the Sun in X-rays.

Detected across 16 light-years as x-rays, astronomers estimated that the energy emitted in the brown dwarf flare was comparable to a small solar flare, which is a billion times greater than X-ray flares observed from Jupiter.

The matter heats up and gives off X-rays. Earth-orbiting telescopes are looking for sources of those X-rays that might indicate the presence of black holes. One possibility is a star in the constellation Cygnus (the Swan) called Cygnus X-1.

Two main theories exist to explain the anomalously powerful X-rays. In the first model, bits of gas blown off in the supernova explosion that created the pulsar fall back onto the remnant star, ...

See also: Light, Earth, Energy, Sun, X-ray