X-rays
X-rays are high-frequency, and thus high-energy, electromagnetic radiation.
They have wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometres, and thus frequencies from 3×1019 to 3×1016 Hz.
X-rays from Free Electrons
The mechanisms for producing x-rays from free electrons are similar to those responsible for production of other energies of electromagnetic radiation.
Gamma Rays
Gamma rays or gamma-ray are forms of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emissions of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay; ...
cosmic rays n.
Notionally, the cause of bit rot. However, this is a semi-independent usage that may be invoked as a humorous way to handwave away any minor randomness that doesn't seem worth the bother of investigating.
Cosmic rays efficiently accelerated by exploded stars
BY DR EMILY BALDWIN
ASTRONOMY NOW
Posted: June 26, 2009 ...
Cosmic Rays:
A cosmic ray is a high-speed particle--either an atomic nucleus or an electron--that travels throughout the Milky Way Galaxy, including the solar system.
In addition, they are invariably tilted at an angle around 45°, to make sure that the arrival of the sun's rays is as close to perpendicular as possible.
Rays - Long, narrow light streaks on the Moon and other bodies that radiate from relatively young craters. Rays consist of material ejected from a crater at the time it was formed by an impact ...
X-RAYS - High-energy electromagnetic radiation, with short wavelength (~10-0.01 nm) and high frequency (greater than ~1016 Hertz). Although the boundaries are somewhat arbitrary, wavelengths shorter than 0.
X-Rays
(a) Photons of wavelengths between about 0.1 Å and 100 Å - more energetic than ultraviolet, but less energetic than -rays.
(b) A large band of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths smaller than extreme ultraviolet light.
X-rays: the type of radiation that has high energy and can be used by doctors to see bones inside the body.
X-rays: sudden ionospheric disturbances (SID)
When the sun is active, strong solar flare
Solar flare ...
X-rays. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than ultraviolet light but longer than gamma rays.
Y ...
Gamma rays (denoted as γ) are electromagnetic radiation of high energy. They are produced by sub-atomic particle interactions, such as electron-positron annihilation, radioactive decay or inverse Compton scattering in astrophysical processes.
gamma rays
the form of light (electromagnetic radiation) with the shortest wavelength and the most energy
gamma-ray burst ...
GAMMA-RAYS
Penetrating short wave electromagnetic radiation of very high frequency.
Gamma Rays. High energy radiation (energies in excess of 100 keV) observed during large, extremely energetic solar flares.
Gauss. The unit of magnetic induction in the cgs (centimeter-gram-second) system.
Gamma rays -- Electromagnetic radiation in the neighborhood of 100 femtometers wavelength.
GCF -- Ground Communications Facilities, provides data and voice communications between JPL and the three DSCCs.
Gamma rays
After hard X-rays come gamma rays. These are the most energetic photons, having no lower limit to their wavelength.
Cosmic Rays: Cosmic rays are very high energy atomic nuclei (mostly protons) traveling through space at close to the speed of light that strike the Earth's atmosphere.
Cosmic rays: Extremely high-energy subatomic particles that continuously bombard Earth from all directions. Most cosmic rays hit and break up atomic nuclei in the upper atmosphere.
Gamma rays- the highest energy, shortest wavelength electromagnetic radiation of all
Gegenschein- a round or elongated spot of light in the sky at a point 180 degrees from the sun; also called counter glow ...
Rays of light reaching Earth from a very distant object, such as the Sun, travel almost parallel to one another. Consequently, as shown in the figure, the angle measured at Alexandria between the Sun's rays and the vertical (that is, the line ...
X-RAYS
X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation (between ultraviolet light and gamma rays in wavelength, frequency, and energy) - basically, it's light that is way past the blue-violet end of the visible spectrum - we cannot see it.
X-rays were discovered being emitted by a crescent-shaped part of the sunward-facing coma of Comet Hyakutake, 20,000 km away from the nucleus.
X-rays have a smaller wavelength than radio waves; therefore, they have a greater frequency. This is what the frequencies on your radio dial mean. If you could somehow tune your radio receiver to 1 trillion megahertz, you could pick up x-rays.
X-Rays are also represented in the Great Observatories, with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, renamed (from AXAF) in honor of the great Indian astrophysicist Chandrasekhar.
X-Rays
Electromagnetic radiation with very short wavelengths and very high energies and frequencies. X-rays fall between gamma rays and ultraviolet radiation; also called X-radiation or Roentgen ray.
X-rays from hot corona; may become neon white dwarf
3
Rigil Kentaurus A ...
X-rays and, to some extent, infrared rays do not penetrate the Earth's atmosphere, so mapping the sky at these wavelengths has to be undertaken from orbiting satellites.
X-rays remove electrons from atoms and ions, and those photoelectrons can provoke secondary ionizations. As the intensity is often low, this heating is only efficient in warm, less dense atomic medium (as the column density is small).
X-rays: Electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between those of ultraviolet and of gamma rays.
Z
Zond: Series of lunar probes.
The rays, rendered parallel by the collimator objective, meet a plane mirror (f) of silvered glass, which reflects them to the prisms (g, g'). These are of dense flint-glass (Schott 0.102), and each has a refracting angle of 63° 29'.
Gamma rays are difficult to observe from ground-based telescopes due to atmospheric interference, and high-altitude balloons, sounding rockets, and orbiting observatories are therefore used.
Gamma Rays
Now Showing at the YPOP Theater!
Scientists look at the Sun with special telescopes that are able to see only specific colors of light -- even the wavelengths that are invisible to your eye.
Gamma rays High energy electromagnetic radiation (in excess of 100 keV) which can be generated by nuclear reactions in space. This is an image of the EGRET gamma ray all-sky survey - above 100 MeV.
More about gamma rays in "Imagine the Universe!"...
Gamma rays have too high an energy to be focussed with even the shallow angle reflecting technique, so gamma ray telescopes simply point in a desired direction and count the number of photons coming from that direction.
Light rays here travel a much longer path through the relatively cloud-free upper atmosphere.
(a) X-rays emitted when fast electrons are slowed down violently, as when electrons strike the target in an x-ray tube. The word translates as 'braking radiation'.
hard X-rays (1-10 Angstroms) ionizes the D region,
soft X-rays (10-100 Angstroms) ionizes the E region,
ultraviolet light (100-1000 Angstroms) ionizes the F region.
What is solar wind? Solar matter ejected from the Sun becomes the solar wind.
cosmic rays - Atomic nuclei (mostly protons) that are observed to strike the earth's atmosphere with exceedingly high energies.
cosmology - The study of the organization and evolution of the universe.
Cosmic rays
High-speed particles that reach the Earth from Outer Space.
Cosmology ...
COSMIC RAYS
Cosmic rays are very high energy particles that travel through space near the speed of light. The 10 most abundant elements in cosmic rays are hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon, neon, nitrogen, magnesium, silicon, iron, and sulfur.
Certain X-rays sources that "flicker" rapidly for short intervals.
R
Radial Velocity ...
The cosmic rays arriving at the top of the earth's atmosphere.
primary mirror - (n.)
The principal light-gathering mirror in a reflecting telescope.
Skates and rays are relatives of sharks. Sharks tend to be relatively flattened fishes, ...
Now that the rays are parallel we can put our eye to it and see the object. But what we see is a virtual image of the object, not the object itself.
What?
moonlight: rays of light which reach the observer directly from the Moon, having originally been sunlight reflected by the Moon's surface. There is usually sufficient light to cast a shadow only between the 1st and 3rd quarters of the Moon.
ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
Ultraviolet rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation with very short wavelengths (below those of the color blue). Ultraviolet rays are invisible to us.
rays (NASA SP-7, 1965) (abbr R)
See aurora. RCA Satcom satellites (NASA Thesaurus) Domestic commercial communications satellites launched by NASA for the RCA Corporation.
The highest energy particles in the interplanetary medium are called cosmic rays. Some are of solar origin; the most energetic, however, originate in some other unknown and very energetic processes outside our solar system.
Parallel rays striking the reflector are brought to a focus at a point, or if the source of the rays is placed at the focus, the reflected rays are parallel.
Light, radio waves, X-rays, infrared and ultraviolet rays are all kinds of electromagnetic radiation. This is what astronomers are usually talking about when they refer to ‘radiation'.
Electromagnetic Spectrum The entire range of all the various kinds or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including (from short to long wavelengths) gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, optical (visible), infrared, and radio waves.
High-energy galactic cosmic rays--primarily protons--have a range of penetration on the order of a few metres in meteoritic material. Any meteoroid of smaller dimensions will be radiated throughout by this proton bombardment.
This would be much larger in size than the black hole and would be very hot and dense near the center - producing UV light and x-rays in most cases or even some gamma-rays.
The heated ISM can set up a global (or super) wind, detetcable in optical line emission, scattered starlight, and soft X-rays (most prominently from the interface at the edge of the roughly conical outflow).
Each portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared and radio) brings us unique information about the Universe and the objects within it.
Doppler shifts in its spectrum show that a companion object of 10 to 15 solar masses must be in orbit around it; evidence exists that the X rays originate near the companion.
Gamma Ray Bursts - In terms of gamma rays, a Magnetar (a type of neutron star) called SGR 1806-20, had an extreme burst on 27 December 2004.
 See also: Light, Energy, Earth, Sun, X-ray
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