Supergiant
Supergiants are the most massive stars. In the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram they occupy the top region of the diagram.
Supergiant Stars
A state of stellar evolution beyond the main-sequence life of a star.
Supergiant Star
Related Category: Astronomy: General
see red giant.
More on Supergiant Star
Red Giant - star that is relatively cool but very luminous because of its great size.
Supergiant star gains
thick dusty waist
DR EMILY BALDWIN
ASTRONOMY NOW
Posted: 28 January 2011 ...
A red supergiant is a type of star.
The SS Tsiolkovsky spent six months, from late 2363 to 2364, monitoring the collapse of a red supergiant into a white dwarf. (TNG: "The Naked Now")
External linkEdit ...
Supergiants are pretty much all gas with very little solid matter therefore, despite their enourmous size, they tend to be very low mass.
These stars were formerly high-mass main sequence stars.
Blue Supergiant ...
supergiant A star with a radius between 100 and 1000 times that of the Sun.
Supergiant: Very luminous star 10-1000 time more massive than the Sun.
Superluminal velocity: The apparent motion of an object at greater than light speed; This appearance is caused by a "projection effect" by the object's motion toward Earth.
Supergiant- the stage in the evolution of a massive star when its core contracts, its surface expands to about 500 solar radii, and its temperature drops, giving the star its red color ...
Supergiant
the stage in a star's evolution where the core contracts and the star swells to about five hundreds times its original size. The star's temperature drops, giving it a red color.
supergiant: Exceptionally luminous star 10 to 1000 times the sun's diameter.
supergranule: A large granule on the sun's surface including many smaller granules.
Supergiant - An extremely luminous star of large size and mass
Supergranulation - The pattern of very large (15,000 to 30,000 km in diameter) convective cells in the Sun's photosphere ...
Supergiant
An extremely luminous star of large diameter and low density. No supergiants are near enough to establish a trigonometric parallax.
Supergranulation Cells ...
red supergiant
a cool, massive star near the end of its life that has expanded to a size from a hundred to a thousand times the diameter of the sun
redshift ...
RED SUPERGIANT STAR
A red supergiant is a relatively old star whose diameter is about 100 times bigger than it was originally, and had become cooler (the surface temperature is under 6,500 K). They are frequently orange-red in color.
supergiant star An extremely luminous, massive star with a radius between 100 and 1000 times that of the Sun.
supergiant - (n.)
A post-main-sequence phase of evolution of stars of more than about 4 solar masses. Supergiants fall in the extreme upper right of the H-R diagram.
supergranulation - (n.) ...
Supergiant Stars - These are just really big stars. They come in both hot and cool varieties - Blue and Red Supergiants - and they are just really, really luminous, so you find them hanging out in the upper part of the H-R diagram.
A supergiant radio galaxy (the most common type of radio galaxy) which has an elliptical nucleus surrounded by an extended envelope. Or, an optical galaxy with a very bright nucleus.
A-type supergiants, such as Deneb, may be as hot as 11,000 K and have masses up to 16 Msun and luminosities of up to 35,000 Lsun.
Rare Blue Supergiant (B1 Iae Spectral Class)
How Far Away:
About 6300 light years ...
This is a supergiant (more than a hundred times the diameter of the Sun) with a very high luminosity. Since it is so far away (3200 light years) its real brilliance is lost in space.
Red giant or supergiant stars with degenerate neutron cores, often abbreviated TZO's. If they exist, such objects would be nearly impossible to identify observationally.
References ...
A typical red supergiant could be about 100 times larger than the red giant. Its surface temperature is low while the total luminosity remains high, with absolute magnitude up to -10 (comparing to 4.8 of our Sun).
Which color of supergiants is young?
What are supergiants?
What color are most giant stars?
How is a red giant's low temperature produced?
Are all stars red giants?
What is a red giant?
Wmat makes up the atmosphere on Mars?
Who was Cleomedes?
Across the top of the diagram lie the supergiants. These are relatively rare, huge and luminous stars. Note that the key to understanding the size of stars in this diagram lies with the Stefan-Boltzmann Law and the equation: ...
HDE 226868 is a supergiant star with a spectral class of O9.7 Iab,[2] which is on the borderline between class O and class B stars. It has an estimated surface temperature of 31,000 kelvin[9] and mass approximately 20-40 times the mass of the Sun.
supergiant a dying star of extremely high luminosity and relatively cool surface temperature. Their diameters are over 100 times that of the Sun.
In this case the supergiants Rigel and Deneb have the same effective temperature as Sirius but have extremely high luminosities. They have large radii than Sirius hence greater surface areas and higher luminosities.
Arneb is an F0Ib supergiant star. The Visual Magnitude and distance imply a luminosity about 10,000 times that of the sun.
Other Designations For This Star
Flamsteed ...
These are yellow supergiant stars which have alternating deep and shallow minima. This double-peaked variation typically has periods of 30-100 days and amplitudes of 3 - 4 magnitudes.
Arcturus is a red supergiant star and the fourth brightest star in the whole sky.
There are three red supergiants in the constellation that are visible to the naked eye.
Some Cepheid variable stars can be found in this constellation: W Sgr is a supergiant which brightness fluctuates every 7 days and 14 hours between 4.4 mag and 5.0 mag.
The supergiant (spectraltype G1.5Ib) U Sgr lies close to center of M25.
One of the sky's two first magnitude supergiants (the other Antares), Betelgeuse is one of the larger stars that can be seen, indeed one of the larger stars to be found anywhere. Typically shining at visual magnitude 0.
They finish their main sequence lifetime in a way similar to the lower mass stars, but become brighter and cooler on the outside and are called red supergiants.
Here you will learn how a supergiant ages and dies in a huge explosion - a supernova. The "corpse" left behind is not a white dwarf but a strange thing called a neutron star.
Pulsars (Check the study guide for this lesson) ...
Apparently the system consists of a B0 supergiant that is dumping mass into a compact companion. The companion has a mass that is greater than 6 Mo which is larger than the upper limit for a neutron star.
During these final stages the star expands to thousands of times the diameter of the Sun, becoming a red supergiant like Betelgeuse. Iron is the end of the exothermic fusion road: to fuse iron into heavier elements is an endothermic reaction.
For nearby galaxies (and by now, for supergiants, "nearby" can go all the way out to the Virgo cluster) we can observe the brightest individual stars, telling us more than we can extract from integrated light.
G-type supergiants can have more than nine solar-masses and a luminosity that can reach more than 10,000 times that of the Sun.
Binaries, particularly those consisting of a dwarf and a supergiant star, provide the most extensive data on stellar dimensions. The angular diameters of supergiants were measured in the 1920s with the Michelson stellar interferometer.
The largest stars known are supergiants with diameters that are more than 400 times that of the sun, whereas the small stars known as white dwarfs have diameters that may be only 0.01 times that of the sun.
Cepheids vary in brightness because they are yellow supergiants. Such stars expand and contract because their gases become unstable as radiation passes through them. Polaris, the North Star, is a good example.
Polaris, also known as the Pole Star or North Star, is a yellow supergiant with a magnitude of 2.02.
After the outer layers of the star have swollen into a red supergiant (i.e., a very big red giant), the core begins to yield to gravity and starts to shrink.
Alpha Orionis, commonly known as Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star marking the shoulder of the winter constellation Orion the Hunter.
A distant blue supergiant, it shines with approximately 40,000 times the brightness of the Sun.
It is a supergiant star, reddish in color, and over 600 million miles in diameter (almost 1,000 times bigger than the Sun but cooler than the Sun). Betelgeuse is about 14,000 times brighter than the Sun.
Cepheid variables are supergiant stars that regularly pulsate in size and change in brightness. As the star increases in size, its brightness decreases; then, the reverse occurs. The luminosity is proportional to the period.
Stars that have managed to suck in enormous amounts of material at birth erupt into life as supergiants. These stars as well as being mammoths burn incredibly fiercely and after a relatively short lifetime will run out of fuel.
Alpha Camelopardalis is a Blue Supergiant. Although it is very far away (6940 light-years) and hidden behind interstellar dust, it is visible to the naked eye. Therefore it must be extremely bright.
Antares is a remarkable supergiant star, several hundred times the diameter of our Sun. Beta Scorpii is called Graffias, Latin for ‘claws'. This star is sometimes also known as Acrab, from the Arabic for ‘scorpion'.
Alnilam is a blue B0Ia supergiant star. According to the The Bright Star Catalog the star is about 30 times the diameter of the sun. The spectral type implies an effective temperature of 30,000 K and a luminosity of 250,000 times that of the sun.
The brightest known stars in our galaxy are very luminous red supergiants. They have spectral types M0-8 Ia+ and absolute magnitudes of -9 to -10 (about 4,000,000 times as bright as the Sun).
" The G2 part basically means it's a yellow-white star, and the roman numeral V means it's a "main sequence" dwarf star (by far the most common) as opposed to supergiant, or sub-dwarf, etc.
Visually, NGC 6231 is similar to the Pleiades (M45) with central bright white giant and supergiant stars ranging in magnitude from -7 to -3.5 and glimmering as sparkling diamonds against a dark velveteen sky, some as spectroscopic binaries.
cepheid variable - A star that belongs to one of two classes (type I and type II) of yellow supergiant pulsating stars.
Among its red supergiants is a semiregular long-period variable Z Sagittae (13.5 - 15.7 mag.). To find M71, point your binoculars or a telescope halfway between g Sagittae and d Sagittae (see finder chart below).
If there are enough supermassive stars in a small enough of a cluster, then the supernovas produced by these short lived supergiant stars can trigger new star formation.
 See also: Giant, Star, Light, Sun, Solar
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