Supergiant Stars
A state of stellar evolution beyond the main-sequence life of a star.
Supergiant Star
Related Category: Astronomy: General
see red giant.
More on Supergiant Star
Red Giant - star that is relatively cool but very luminous because of its great size.
Supergiant star gains
thick dusty waist
DR EMILY BALDWIN
ASTRONOMY NOW
Posted: 28 January 2011 ...
RED SUPERGIANT STAR
A red supergiant is a relatively old star whose diameter is about 100 times bigger than it was originally, and had become cooler (the surface temperature is under 6,500 K). They are frequently orange-red in color.
Supergiant Star Death
A star with a mass much greater than that of the sun will form, live, and die more quickly than a main sequence star.
supergiant star An extremely luminous, massive star with a radius between 100 and 1000 times that of the Sun.
Supergiant Stars - These are just really big stars. They come in both hot and cool varieties - Blue and Red Supergiants - and they are just really, really luminous, so you find them hanging out in the upper part of the H-R diagram.
A supergiant star with a spectral type of G. [C95]
Yerkes System
A spectral classification system for stars; see MKK system. [H76]
Ylem ...
A supergiant star with a spectral type of A. White supergiants are rare; the nearest is Deneb, which lies 1500 light-years away. (rarely used term) [C95]
Widmanstätten Pattern ...
A type of supergiant star that oscillates in brightness in a manner similar to the star 8 Cephei.
Red giant or supergiant stars with degenerate neutron cores, often abbreviated TZO's. If they exist, such objects would be nearly impossible to identify observationally.
References ...
It is a yellow supergiant star, and is a member of a cluster of stars known as the Alpha Persei Cluster, which is easily visible in binoculars and includes many of the fainter stars of Perseus.
Antares - Red Supergiant Star
The region of sky surrounding Antares, known as Rho Ophiuchus.
Click on image for full size
© Loke Kun Tan (StarryScapes) ...
HDE 226868 is a supergiant star with a spectral class of O9.7 Iab,[2] which is on the borderline between class O and class B stars. It has an estimated surface temperature of 31,000 kelvin[9] and mass approximately 20-40 times the mass of the Sun.
Arneb is an F0Ib supergiant star. The Visual Magnitude and distance imply a luminosity about 10,000 times that of the sun.
Other Designations For This Star
Flamsteed ...
These are yellow supergiant stars which have alternating deep and shallow minima. This double-peaked variation typically has periods of 30-100 days and amplitudes of 3 - 4 magnitudes.
Arcturus is a red supergiant star and the fourth brightest star in the whole sky.
Distances to red giant and supergiant stars are found in a similar way but you need to investigate their spectra more closely to see if they are the very large stars you think they are.
The original 'classical' Type I Cepheid Variables are metal-rich yellow supergiant stars in the late F to early K parts of their lives. Their surface temperature is around 6000-8000K, and they are approximately 800 times as luminous as the sun.
Binaries, particularly those consisting of a dwarf and a supergiant star, provide the most extensive data on stellar dimensions. The angular diameters of supergiants were measured in the 1920s with the Michelson stellar interferometer.
Alpha Orionis, commonly known as Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star marking the shoulder of the winter constellation Orion the Hunter.
In 2007, Altair became the first star, other than a giant or supergiant star (such as Betelgeuse), to have its surface ts surface features imaged.
HDE 226868 is a massive blue supergiant star; its companion is believed to be a black hole, surrounded by an accretion disc of gases from HDE 226868 which are spiraling into the black hole. The star and the black hole are in orbit around each other.
Cygnus X-1 is an X-ray binary star system that consists of a blue supergiant star orbiting a black hole. In this case, the X-rays are created when the black hole pulls in material from it's companion star.
For supergiant stars, the surface temperature range for spectral type G is host to the "Yellow Evolutionary Void", ...
A supergiant star might have an absolute magnitude of -8 whereas a dim red dwarf might have an absolute magnitude of +16. The Sun has an absolute magnitude of +4.8 - about half way between the two extremes.
The Alpha Persei star cluster surrounds the supergiant star Mirfak, Alpha Persei, which is the brightest member of the cluster.
It is a supergiant star, reddish in color, and over 600 million miles in diameter (almost 1,000 times bigger than the Sun but cooler than the Sun). Betelgeuse is about 14,000 times brighter than the Sun.
Cepheid variables are supergiant stars that regularly pulsate in size and change in brightness. As the star increases in size, its brightness decreases; then, the reverse occurs. The luminosity is proportional to the period.
The accompanying figure shows a Hubble Space Telescope image of the supergiant star AG Carinae"50 times more massive than the Sun and a million times brighter"shedding its outer atmosphere. It is shown here puffing out vast clouds of gas and dust.
Antares is a remarkable supergiant star, several hundred times the diameter of our Sun. Beta Scorpii is called Graffias, Latin for ‘claws'. This star is sometimes also known as Acrab, from the Arabic for ‘scorpion'.
Enterprise approaches a hypergiant The rare hypergiant star is one which shares similar characteristics with a supergiant star, but is 100 times more massive than Sol. The theoretical lifespan of a hypergiant is one to two million years.
Dozens of supergiant stars are clustered at its centre, furnishing the nebula's light.
They are giant and supergiant stars with periods ranging from a few days to several years and the change in brightness is typically less than two magnitudes. The light curves of semiregulars have a variety of shapes.
Originally containing roman numerals between I (supergiant star) and V (main sequence), these days, class I stars have been subdivided into Ia-O, Ia and Ib, and classes VI (sub-dwarf) and D (white dwarf) have been added.
12. Typical stars plotted on an HR diagram are
supergiant stars
main sequence stars
white dwarf stars
evenly distributed throughout the diagram ...
Visually, NGC 6231 is similar to the Pleiades (M45) with central bright white giant and supergiant stars ranging in magnitude from -7 to -3.5 and glimmering as sparkling diamonds against a dark velveteen sky, some as spectroscopic binaries.
This is the first direct image of a star other than the Sun, made with NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. Called Alpha Orionis, or Betelgeuse, it is a red supergiant star marking the shoulder of the winter constellation Orion the Hunter ...
The Witch Head Nebula, IC2118, lies close to [3680] beta Eridani and is thought to be either a gas cloud reflecting the light of [5971] Rigel, a supergiant star in the constellation Orion, or an ancient supernova remnant.
If there are enough supermassive stars in a small enough of a cluster, then the supernovas produced by these short lived supergiant stars can trigger new star formation.
Another theory is that Epsilon Aurigae is a massive supergiant star, far bigger than our Sun, that is very young, and the companion is a smaller young star that hasn't emerged from its birthcloud yet.
For any reasonable disk structure, stellar atmosphere theory may be applied and predicts a substantial drop in flux at the Lyman edge - these are basically funny shaped supergiant stars.
 See also: Giant, Supergiant, Star, Sun, Giant Star
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