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Recent Volcanism
This false-color view of the volcano Mons was generated from SAR data and existing data. The image shows a region of the volcano just below the summit of the peak. A series of bright and dark lava flows is visible in the foreground.
Authors of a new paper say that while the area, located south of the equator, shows distinct signs of being shaped by cryovolcanism, no current signs of activity have been found.
VOLCANISM
Only a few decades ago, debate raged in scientific circles as to the origin of lunar craters, with most scientists holding the opinion that the craters were the result of volcanic activity.
Volcanism Activities
Making and Mapping Volcanoes (PDF, 757 KB)
Cake Batter Lava (Viscosity)
Mud Splat Craters
Gelatin Volcanoes ...
cryovolcanism
the eruption of water and other liquid or vapor-phase volatiles, together with gas-driven solid fragments, onto the surface of a planet or moon due to internal heating
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[edit] Volcanism
It is theoretically possible that undersea volcanoes could end an ice age by causing global warming.
Volcanism Volcanism is the process of conveying material from the depths of the Earth to the surface, as part of the process by which the planet removes excess heat and pressure from its interior.
The volcanism stopped about 3.1 billion years ago: the Moon has been largely dead geologically since then except for the occasional meteor impact or small moonquake, and micro-meteorite erosion of the surface.
Since the volcanism that ended about 3 billion years ago, not much has changed on the moon's surface. Apart from the infrequent small meteorite the recent changes have been man-made.
ice volcanism (Galileo Project Glossary - JPL) The eruption of molten ice or gas-driven solid fragments onto the surface of a planetary body.
It appears that volcanism on Io affects the entire Jovian system, in that it is the primary source of matter that pervades Jupiter's magnetosphere -- the region of space surrounding the planet influenced by the Jovian magnetic field.
Discovery of active volcanism on the satellite Io was probably the greatest surprise. It was the first time active volcanoes had been seen on another body in the solar system. It appears that activity on Io affects the entire Jovian system.
2: Cryogenic volcanism and outgassing
The outgassing theory states that Titan's atmosphere arose primarily via outgassing of volatiles accreted onto the surface as clathrates or hydrates.
This melt causes the volcanism and makes the new oceanic crust. Most divergent plate boundaries are at the bottom of the oceans, therefore most volcanic activity is submarine, forming new seafloor.
Evidence of the evolution of the Martian interior is found primarily in the geologic record of large-scale extensional stresses in the crust, the presence of volcanism (e.g., lava plains and volcanic domes), ...
While there appears to be volcanism, there does not appear to be evidence of organized plate tectonics or volcanic mountain chains like those seen with subduction on the Earth.
Is there still active volcanism on Mars?
What exactly caused the erosion patterns that look so much like stream beds on Earth? How old are they?
How much subterranean ("sub-martian"?) water is/was there on Mars?
DARK MANTLING DEPOSITS - Thin layers of ejecta from lunar volcanism covering an older surface. The largest of these areas are near the edges of the lunar mare and cover many thousands of square kilometers.
Io is racked by volcanism that is driven by the dissipation of tidal energy in the satellite's interior. Ten volcanoes were erupting during the spacecraft Voyager's flybys in 1979, and in 1997 Galileo sent back images of Ra Patera in eruption.
Is Mercury's surface shaped by volcanism?
What is the origin of Mercury's high density?
What is the nature of the mysterious polar caps?
What are the composition and structure of its crust?
What are the characteristics of the thin atmosphere?
The oldest surface features seem to be about 800 million years old, but extensive volcanism about 300 to 500 million years ago appears to have wiped out earlier surfaces including large craters from the planet's early history.
New revelations about Mercury's volcanism, magnetic substorms, exosphere from MESSENGER PhysOrg - July 16, 2010
ASTRONOMY INDEX
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Hot Spot
center of persistent volcanism, thought to be the surface expression of a rising hot plume in Earth's mantle.
Search for lightning on Saturn and Titan and for active volcanism on Titan, and observe Titan's surface.
They actually turned out to be basaltic flows, hardened lava which long ago flowed out of fissures on the Moon; no present-day volcanism on the Moon has been reliably identified.
For the surface part of the question, there are differences in the composition of the soil and rocks (the presence of red, oxidized iron is notable on Mars), the more obvious craters on Mars, much more volcanism on Mars (note Olympus Mons), ...
The hypothesis that the extensive changes in the earth, as evinced in the geological record, have resulted, not from massive catastrophes, but from the slow operation of wind, weather, volcanism, and the like over many millions of years.
The Martian surface shows shield volcanoes - the largest of which, Olympus Mons, is 24 km above the surrounding plains. Since there is no tectonic activity, these volcanoes form via hot-spot volcanism where magma rises through a hot spot in the ...
Scientists can't wait to see which volcanoes are active during the two-year Galileo mission. Volcanism might have changed the appearance of the surface since the Voyagers, although the Hubble Space Telescope has not detected major changes.
Convective currents in the mantle provide the driving force for this motion. The plate motion is responsible for global mountain building, earthquake activity, and volcanism, ...
settle to the ocean floor where, after years of compacting and cementing, they form limestone, locking up the carbon dioxide. Some of the locked up carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere via geologic heating processes such as volcanism.
Other hypotheses for their origin focus on the role of transport and deposition by water. In fact, it may turn out that volcanism, water and wind have produced the rocks that Spirit is examining. We are just beginning to put together the big picture.
The fresh surface suggests relatively recent volcanism, caused perhaps by tidal forces exerted by Saturn and the moon Dione, with which Enceladus forms a satellite pair (that is, they interact gravitationally).
These aurorae, or glowing gases, are seen in the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle. As with all inner planets, Earth's surface has been affected by volcanism, tectonic activity, and to a lesser degree, meteorite impacts.
 See also: Planet, Solar, Earth, Solar System, Field
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