ISA

ISA - International Standard Atmosphere - a set of standard conditions or temperature and pressure which serve as a basis for comparison. ISA = pressure 1013.2 millibars, temperature 15 degrees C.

ISA: International Standard Atmosphere
JAR-OPS: Joint Airworthiness Requirements - Operations (European Union regulations).
kg: kilogram(s).

ISA - Agreed International Standard Atmosphere (1013.2 millibars at 15'C) to permit accurate comparison of aircraft performance figures.

JASDF - Japan Air Self-Defense Force.

Remember, the ISA is an imaginary, mathematical construction. However, the formulas were chosen so that the ISA is fairly close to the average properties of the real atmosphere.

Flight Levels are altitudes corrected and calibrated against the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). These are expressed as a three figure group e.g. FL320 is 32,000 Feet (ISA).

VSO: stalling speed at MTWA, in landing configuration with flaps and landing gear down, at sea level, ISA conditions (bottom of white arc on ASI).
VX: best angle of climb speed on all engines.
VXSE: best engine-out angle of climb speed.

Airspeed indicators are calibrated under ISA conditions, only if these conditions exist in the atmosphere the instrument will indicate true airspeed. Some airspeed indicators have an outside air temperature (OAT) set knob.

FL
Flight Level, Altitude x100 = feet AMSL (FL 70 = 7000ft) at ISA
FLAK
Flieger Abwehr Kanonen. German anti-aircraft guns ...

Mach number - ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound. Mach 1 is the speed of sound at sea level, ISA, approximately 1,100 feet per second or 760 mph.

The accepted speed of sound at sea level and standard atmospheric conditions (ISA) is 661.2 knots or 761.4 mph. If an aircraft were moving at the speed Mach 1 at sea level on a standard atmospheric day then it would be flying at 661.2 knots.

The D-Jet's climb performance was impressive. Climbing through 16,000 feet, we were at 175 KIAS (235 KTAS) with a 1,300 fpm climb rate, and we were burning 588 pounds per hour at ISA+10 degrees C.

See also: Altitude, Speed, Flight, Aircraft, Airspeed