Semi-monocoque
The semi-monocoque is the most often used construction for modern, high-performance aircraft. Semi-monocoque literally means half a single shell. Here, internal braces as well as the skin itself carry the stress (see figure 1-4).
[edit] Semi-monocoque
Sectioned fuselage showing frames, stringers and skin all made out of aluminium ...
SEMI-MONOCOQUE - An aircraft structure in which the outer skin is inadequate to carry the primary stresses, and is reinforced by frames, formers and longerons.
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The Semi-Monocoque fuselage design is the most popular design for large aircraft, including commercial airliners and military aircraft.
The semi-monocoque airframe and aluminum skin are enhanced by the aircraft's shark-fin tail (above). The semi-reclined seating (left) provides for a comfy ride.
For a good look at the PA-28's semi-monocoque construction, remove the panel on the rear bulkhead that separates the baggage compartment from the aft fuselage.
Cessna and Luscomb broke away from the pack early by adopting the "stressed skin" all aluminum semi-monocoque construction for their light planes.
Each all-metal wing panel is a semi cantilever, semi-monocoque type, with two main spars suitable ribs for the attachment of the skin.
A tapered, spring-steel strut supports each main wing, and a steerable nose wheel is mounted on an air-oil strut.
Additional classifications are (1) Semi-Monocoque, where the skin is reinforced by LONGERONS or BULKHEADs, but with no diagonal web members, and (2) Reinforced Shell, ...
I have over 30 years experience designing and building all-metal aircraft, and there is more than 60 years experience in the industry with stressed-skin, semi-monocoque construction.
 See also: Wing, Monocoque, Speed, Structure, Flight
  
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