Acids and Bases
Acids are substances that donate protons (hydrogen ions, H+) to bases.
Bases are substances that accept protons from acids.
Acids and Bases:An Introduction - This module provides an intrioduction to acid ... Arrhenius suggested that acids are compounds that contain hydrogen and can ...
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Acids & Bases Problem Set
Question 9: Acids & pKa
Acids are defined as compounds with pKa values below 7.0.
Amino Acids
Amino acids are a set of 20 different molecules used to build proteins. Proteins consist of one or more chains of amino acids called polypeptides.
amino acids
Organic acids containing an amino (NH2) group; the subunits of protein molecules. There are 20 common amino acids.
Source: Curtis, Helena. 1968. Biology. New York, NY. Worth Publishers ...
Dictionary » U » Unsaturated fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acid
(Science: biochemistry) fatty acid with one or more double bonds.
Acids and Bases
Some molecules form ions when they are dissolved in water. For example, the HCl molecule comes apart (it dissociates) and produces H+ and Cl-. The electron that was normally with the H remains with the Cl.
Antacids chemicals consumed by people to react with stomach acid to change the pH of the stomach contents to a neutral pH
(anti = against‚ opposite; acid = sour‚ sharp)
Anterior front or head end of an organism
(ante = before) ...
Amino acids: Small molecules that form the building blocks of proteins.
Autosome: All chro mosomes except those involved in sex determination.
Bacteria: Tiny one-celled organisms.
Amino acids: Basic structural unit of proteins.
Amphidromic Point: The central point of a cyclonic tidal system, at which the vertical astronomical tidal range is nil, or very small, ...
Amino acids: Building blocks of peptides. Each amino acid is encoded by DNA. See Amino Acids and Biochemical Grouping of Amino Acids.
Amorph (null allele): A mutation that leads to complete loss of function.
amino acids The subunits (monomers) from which proteins (polymers) are assembled. Each amino acid consists of an amino functional group, and a carboxyl acid group, and differs from other amino acids by the composition of an R group. PICTURE ...
Fatty acids Carboxylic acids containing long hydrocarbon chains that are an important fuel source as well as a key component of membrane lipids.
Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)
Public databases containing the complete nucleotide sequence of the human genome and those of selected model organisms will be one of the most useful products of the Human Genome Project.
nucleic acids Polymers composed of nucleotides; e.g., DNA and RNA.
nucleoid The area of the prokaryotic cytoplasm where the chromatin is localized.
Nucleic acids. The two nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are made up of long chains of molecules called nucleotides. See DNA, RNA, Nucleotides.
Keto acids - acids of biochemical significance that contain a ketone group
Pyruvic acid
Acetoacetic acid
Aromatic carboxylic acids ...
AMINO ACIDS - The 20 basic building blocks of proteins, consisting of the basic formula NH2-CHR-COOH, where "R" is the side chain which defines the amino acid: ...
amino acids - serve as the subunits for proteins and consist of both a carboxylic acid group as well as an amino acid group.
base - a molecule that accepts H+ ion (proton) ...
Amino acids. Basic structural unit of proteins
Anadromous fish. Fish that spends most of its life feeding in the open ocean but that migrates to spawn in fresh water
Anoxic. Lacking oxygen.
Fatty acids which are subunits of many lipids consist of long chains of carbon and hydrogen. The number of carbons in the chain varies but is always a multiple of two.
The amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must obtain from food. Eight amino acids are essential in the human adult.
estivation ...
d) Nucleic Acids
Biochemistry is the discipline that studies the chemistry of life.
CARBOHYDRATES ...
Chromosomes work with other nucleic acids in the cell to build proteins and help in cell division. You will most likely find mRNA in the nucleus with the DNA. tRNA is found outside of the nucleus in the cytosol.
A form of fatty acids that our body derives from food that have anti-inflammatory properties due to their ability to convert into anti-inflammatory prostaglandins.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...
Two or more amino acids joined by a bond called a "peptide bond."
See also: polypeptide
Phage
A virus for which the natural host is a bacterial cell.
A group of three nucleotides that specifies addition of one of the 20 amino acids during translation of an mRNA into a polypeptide. Strings of codons form genes and strings of genes form chromosomes.
Amino acid sequence -- the linear order of the amino acids in a protein or peptide.
5' or 3' end The nucleoside residues which form nucleic acids are joined by phosphodiester linkages between the 3' C atom of one ribose moiety and the 5' C atom of the next.
Polymerase, DNA or RNA Enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of nucleic acids on preexisting nucleic acid templates, assembling RNA from ribonucleotides or DNA from deoxyribonucleotides.
acids 1 2 3 4 5 6
acquired
acquisition
acrocentric ...
It is known by the name of the enamel droplet, and resembles keratin in its resistance to the action of mineral acids.
Superoxide initiates oxidative damage to phospholipids, proteins and nucleic acids. This damage may be a major cause of degenerative disease and aging.
Alterations in amino acids that may be distant from each other in the primary sequence can lead to changes in folding.
(1986) Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 811.
New England Biolabs (unpublished observations)
George, J., Blakesley, R. W. and Chirikjian, J. G. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6521.
Polisky, B. et al. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 72, 3310.
Kuz'min, N. P.
This technique was used, for example, in the work of Steffen Schulze-Kremer, who wrote a genetic algorithm to predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein based on the sequence of amino acids that go into it (Mitchell 1996, p. 62).
A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order; the order is determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the gene coding for the protein.
Nuclease: An enzyme which degrades nucleic acids. A nuclease can be DNA-specific (a DNase), RNA-specific (RNase) or non-specific.
Adaptor molecules which translate the triplet code from the mRNA sequence into the corresponding chain of amino acids. tRNAs are short (about 74-95 bases), single-stranded RNA molecules that contain a high proportion of modified nucleosides.
They translate the genetic code from the molecular language of nucleic acid to that of amino acids-the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are the molecules that perform all the functions of cells and living organisms.
A long chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Cf. peptide.
Related Terms:
Amino acid
Any of a class of 20 molecules that are combined to form proteins in living things.
Nucleic acids are conveniently labelled by incorporating radioactive isotopes of phosphorous (32P or 33P) into their sugar phosphate backbones, proteins may be labelled by incorporating a radioactive isotope of sulphur (35S)into methionine residues.
In plant cells, peroxisomes play a variety of roles including converting fatty acids to sugar and assisting chloroplasts in photorespiration. In animal cells, peroxisomes protect the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide.
Protein A molecule composed of amino acids lined up in a precise order determined by a gene, then folded into a specific three-dimensional shape.
fatty acid Any of a series of saturated organic acids having the general formula CnH2nO2, occurs in natural fats of animals and plants.
fault A crack in the earth's crust usually formed when two pieces of crust are moving past each other.
For example, as your cells break down amino acids, they produce a dangerous toxin known as urea. The cells of your body excrete this urea into your blood.
Your Kidneys ...
RNA molecules which bond with amino acids and transfer them to ribosomes, where protein synthesis is completed.
Source : PhRMA Genomics
Transgenic ...
nucleotide -- unit from which nucleic acids are constructed by polymerization. It contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic base. ATP is a nucleotide.
Pyrimidine: A nitrogen containing, single ring compound that occurs in nucleic acids. In DNA molecules, the pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine.
Radioactive phosphorus (32P): radioactive isotope of 31P, an element found in DNA molecules.
A class of small RNAs used by the cell to carry amino acids to the enzyme complex (the ribosome) which builds proteins, using an mRNA as a guide.
Other Resources
PubMed Google ...
A small water-insoluble biomolecule generally containing fatty acids, sterols, or isoprenoid compounds.
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fat (triacylglycerol)
A biological compound consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule.
femur
The thigh bone of tetrapods.
amino acid sequence Amino acid sequences for proteins from the start of translation to the terminator. Unless specifically noted, the sequences contain all amino acids present before any post translational modification occurs (e.g.
Cells transcribe a DNA gene into an RNA version of the gene, and a ribosome then translates the RNA into a protein, a sequence of amino acids.
Protein - a complex molecule found in numerous cellular structures that is composed of amino acids
Protist cell - kingdom containing organisms with eukaryotic cells that are unicellular and multicellular and reproduce sexually and asexually ...
 See also: Protein, Amino acid, Amino acids, Trans, Proteins
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