ADP
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adenosine diphosphate ...
ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O
requires energy: 7.3 kcal/mole
occurs in the cytosol by glycolysis
occurs in mitochondria by cellular respiration
occurs in chloroplasts by photosynthesis ...
ADP-ribosylation
The large ADP-ribosyl group can be transferred to several types of side chains within proteins, with heterogeneous effects. This modification is a target for the powerful toxins of disparate bacteria, e.g.
ATP-ADP translocase An adenine nucleotide carrying a transport protein that carries ADP into the mitochondria and ATP out in a coupled fashion.
ADP + Pi + energy " ATP + H2O
Phosphorylation occurs by two different kinds of reactions discussed below.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation ...
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) A nucleotide diphosphate that is often phosphorylated to form ATP.
PHOSPHOCREATINE + ADP → CREATINE + ATP
ATP is used faster than it can be supplied by respiration
Phosphocreatine allows regeneration of ATP without respiration
Thus, Muscle cells continue exercise until slower pathways synthesis ATP ...
Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP occurring when protons that are following a concentration gradient contact ATP synthase.
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Photophosphorylation is the process of converting energy from a light-excited electron into the pyrophosphate bond of an ADP molecule. This occurs when the electrons from water are excited by the light in the presence of P680.
Energy released by the "downhill" passage of electrons is captured as ATP by ADP molecules. The ADP is reduced by the gain of electrons. ATP formed in this way is made by the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
The mechanism by which ADP is phosphorylated to ATP in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
The specific energy source for the reaction ADP + phosphate ATP by the enzyme ATP synthetase (CF1 Coupling Factor) in thylakoid membranes is: A movement of electrons between photosystem II and photosystem I.
A class of protein, found in mitochondrial membranes, whose main function is oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...
(ATP) The major source of usable energy in cell metabolism; composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. On hydrolysis, ATP loses one phosphate and one hydrogen to become adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and releases energy in the process.
adenosine mono-, di- and triphosphates (AMP, ADP and ATP). The phosphates are carried on the 5' carbon atom of the ribose or deoxyribose part of the molecule. See also nucleic acid and oligonucleotide.
 See also: ATP, Trans, Molecule, Enzyme, Cells
  
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