Base modifications
Further information: DNA methylation
The expression of genes is influenced by how the DNA is packaged in chromosomes, in a structure called chromatin.
This may result in proteins with different composition of amino acids or it may involve just the length of 3' UTR. One reason for alternative/differential splicing is base modification during RNA editing causing a change in slice sites.
Alternatively, DNA species that cannot be identified through traditional sequencing methodologies, those containing base modifications, can be isolated with the nature and position of the modification identified.
 See also: Genome, Nucleotide, DNA, Deletion, Polymerase
  
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