Cell biology (also called cellular biology or formerly cytology, from the Greek kytos, "container") is an academic discipline that studies cells.
Cell metabolism is the process (or really the sum of many ongoing individual processes) by which living cells process nutrient molecules and maintain a living state.
CELL DIVISION: BINARY FISSION AND MITOSIS
Table of Contents
Despite differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are several common features in their cell division processes. Replication of the DNA must occur.
Cell The basic subunit of any living organism; the simplest unit capable of independent life. Although there are some single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, most organisms consist of many cells that are specialized for particular functions.
cell fusion
the experimental formation of a single hybrid cell with nuclei and cytoplasm from different somatic cells
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ...
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Index to this page
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH)
Contact Sensitivity
Killing intracellular parasites
Anti-Viral Immunity
Graft Rejection
Graft-versus-host disease ...
Cell Signaling Problem Set
Living organisms constantly receive and interpret signals from their environment. Signals can come in the form of light, heat, water, odors, touch, or sound.
Cell Membrane: Every cell is enclosed in a membrane, a double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer).
Cell division
The separation of one cell into two daughter cells, involving both nuclear Division (mitosis) and subsequent cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis).
Which cell has the greatest surface area?
3. The cells have different surface areas and they have different volumes (amounts of materials inside). Calculate the volume of each cube. Volume = length x width x height.
A method to study cell lineage or function by selectively destroying a small number of cells. For example, a laser beam can be used to focus on and kill one cell in C. elegans.
Haploid and diploid are terms referring to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell. Gregor Mendel determined his peas had two sets of alleles, one from each parent. Diploid organisms are those with two (di) sets.
Cell Membranes
We have been talking about cells being a unit of organization in biology. Let's look at the cell membrane and see how that membrane keeps all of the pieces inside.
Cell Digestion and the Secretory Pathway
The primary sites of intracellular digestion are organelles known as the lysosomes, which are membrane-bounded compartments containing a variety of hydrolytic enzymes.
Cell
A cell is the basic building block of living things. All cells can be sorted into one of two groups: eukaryotes and prokaryotes. A eukaryote has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while a prokaryote does not.
cell cycle -- Complete sequence of steps which must be performed by a cell in order to replicate itself, as seen from mitotic event to mitotic event.
Cell Cycle
Normal cells grow and divide in an orderly fashion, in accordance with the cell cycle.
Cell Biology Home
The following is a list of Biology terminology
Students enrolled in the class should be already familiar with most of the terms in this glossary.
Use this as a constant reference point.
Germ cell
[L. germinis - bud, offshoot] A cell found within the gonads that gives rise to a gamete.
Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. For the disease to be expressed, a person must inherit either two copies of Hb S variant or one copy of Hb S and one copy of another variant.
A sister cell of an oocyte in insects. Nurse cells produce the bulk of the cytoplasmic contents of the mature oocyte.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...
*Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7090, 236 Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7090 U.S.A.
The Animal Cell
All the tissues and organs of the body originate from a microscopic structure (the fertilized ovum), ...
The fluorescence from endogenous cell constituents such as NADH, riboflavin and flavin coenzymes, which can contribute to background levels during cell imaging.
CAGED COMPOUNDS ...
Cell Division
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
There is a special kind of cell division that occurs exclusively in the gonads (ovaries and testes) of eukaryotic organisms. This special cell division is called meiosis.
Cell Division Aids
The cell is the smallest living component of any living organism. Cells are capable of taking in nutrients, generating energy, and reproducing.
cell membrane - the part of the cell which separates the external environment from the cytoplasm; cell membranes have hydrophilic external surfaces and hydrophobic interiors.
Cell: The lowest denomination of life thought to be possible. Most organisms consist of more than one cell which becomes specialized into particular functions to enable the whole organism to function properly.
Cell-free translation system
A cell extract containing all the components required for protem synthesis (i.e. ribosomal subunits, tRNAs, amino acids, enzymes and cofactors) and able to translate added mRNA molecules.
cell
[L. cella, a chamber]
A basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structural unit of life.
cell center ...
Cell theory
Main article: Cell theory
Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green) ...
cell wall
Unique to plant cells, a wall formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix.
Cell
The basic unit of any living organism, a cell is a small, watery, compartment filled with chemicals and a complete copy of the organism's genome. [Talking Glossary]
Chlorophyll ...
Cell type Cells within an organism that have the same genetic makeup but have different properties owing to differences in gene expression.
The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle alternates between interphase and mitosis as diagrammed below.
Mitosis has these four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Germ cell (germ line) gene therapy. The repair or re- placement of a defective gene within the gamete-forming tissues, which produces a heritable change in an organism's genetic constitution.
GMO. Genetically modified organism.
Stem cell
Undifferentiated, primitive cells in the bone marrow with the ability both to multiply and to differentiate into specific blood cells.
Source : PhRMA Genomics
Thymine ...
Somatic cell genetics The study of genes using hybrids (fusions) between the somatic cells of different species.
Cell division
The process by which two cells are formed from one. See meiosis and mitosis.
Cell-mediated
(immunity) - the host defense mechanism which largely involves T-lymphocytes ...
Cell culture
- A technique for growing cells under laboratory conditions.
Cell fusion ...
Cell cycle
The regular, visible sequence of mitosis and interphase, the events through which dividing cell pass.
Cell biology studies the physiological properties of cells, as well as their behaviors, interactions, and environment; this is done both on a microscopic and molecular level.
cell Minute biological compartments within which the processes of life are carried out.
cell body Portion of a nerve cell that includes a cytoplasmic mass and a nucleolus, and from which the nerve fibers extend.
A cell is a basic unit of life. They are tiny packets, or bags of organelles or tools needed for the cell to survive. A cell can eat, move around, and reproduce.
Sickle cell resistance to malaria
The sickle cell allele causes the normally round blood cell to have a sickle shape. The effect of this allele depends on whether a person has one or two copies of the allele.
4. Each cell contains the total hereditary material (genome), which is donated by mother cells to daughter cells.
ARE VIRUSES LIVING BEINGS?
TCR T-cell receptor
TIGR The Inst. for Genomic Research
TIGR/NIST The Inst. for Genomic Res./Natl. Inst. of Standards and Technol.
U ...
Programmed cell death, the body's normal method of disposing of damaged, unwanted, or unneeded cells.
eukaryotic - cell has nucleus; divides through mitosis
The cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes is fundamentally similar to that of a eukaryotic cell.
Eukaryotic cell: The DNA lies within a true nucleus (eu-karyon). May be unicellular (protist, some fungi) or multicellular (most fungi, plants, animals). Among eukaryotes, most fungi are haploid.
Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology:For unregistered users, access is limited to one day per every ninety days.
Birgid Schlindwein's Hypermedia Glossary of Genetic Terms.
Meiosis Cell division to produce sex cells. Sometimes called "reductive division" as the number of chromosome in each cell is halved.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that serves as a template for protein synthesis.
blastoderm - cell layer formed during cleavage of telolecithal and centrolecithal eggs.
blastomere - any embryonic cell formed during cleavage.
An antibiotic derived from penicillin that prevents bacterial growth by interfering with cell wall synthesis. Amplify.
Anaphase - phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes begin to pull to opposite poles of the cell
Abiogenesis - spontaneous generation, nonliving matter yielding life ...
Artificial chromosomeA vector constructed from host cell chromosomal elements such as origin of replication, telomeres and centromere (in eukaryotes).
Kingdom: One of the major subdivisions of life; based upon basic similarities in cell structure. Five kingdoms are recognized: Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae.
EPITOPE - As related to protein antigens, B-cell epitopes consist of the amino acid residues of a protein molecule which interact directly through noncovalent bonds with the amino acid residues of a particular antibody molecule (complementarity ...
Ablation experiment: An experiment designed to produce an animal deficient in one or a few cell types, in order to study cell lineage or cell function.
 See also: Cells, Organ, Trans, Protein, Human
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