Cell

cell fusion the experimental formation of a single hybrid cell with nuclei and cytoplasm from different somatic cells Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ...

B cell A type of lymphocyte derived from bone marrow stem cells that matures into an immunologically competent cell under the influence of the bursa of Fabricius in the chicken, and the bone marrow in nonavian species; ... Full article ...

A method to study cell lineage or function by selectively destroying a small number of cells. For example, a laser beam can be used to focus on and kill one cell in C. elegans.

Cell reproduction is more complex in eukaryotes than in other organisms. Prokaryotic cells such as bacterial cells reproduce by binary fission, a process that includes DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis.

CELL DIVISION: BINARY FISSION AND MITOSIS Table of Contents Despite differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are several common features in their cell division processes. Replication of the DNA must occur.

Cell division The separation of one cell into two daughter cells, involving both nuclear Division (mitosis) and subsequent cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis).

cell biology genetics glossary cell anatomy mitosis meiosis Many biology students often wonder about the meanings of certain biology terms and words. What is a nucleus? What are sister chromatids? What is the cytoskeleton and what does it do?

Cell-Mediated Immunity Index to this page Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Contact Sensitivity Killing intracellular parasites Anti-Viral Immunity Graft Rejection Graft-versus-host disease ...

The cycle of cell growth, replication of the genetic material and nuclear and cytoplasmic division. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...

Cell biology (also called cellular biology or cytology) is an academic discipline which studies the physiological properties of cells, as well as their behaviours, interactions, and environment; this is done both on a microscopic and molecular level.

Sickle cell disease is the first human inherited disease that was understood at the protein and the DNA level. Sickle cell is a disease that's primarily seen in people of African descent.

Cell Cycle Normal cells grow and divide in an orderly fashion, in accordance with the cell cycle.

cell cycle -- Complete sequence of steps which must be performed by a cell in order to replicate itself, as seen from mitotic event to mitotic event. Most of the cycle consists of a growth period in which the cell takes on mass and replicates its DNA.

Cell Biology Home The following is a list of Biology terminology Students enrolled in the class should be already familiar with most of the terms in this glossary. Use this as a constant reference point.

cell Definition of cell The simplest structural unit of life that is capable of functioning on its own.

Germ cell [L. germinis - bud, offshoot] A cell found within the gonads that gives rise to a gamete.

Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. For the disease to be expressed, a person must inherit either two copies of Hb S variant or one copy of Hb S and one copy of another variant.

*Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7090, 236 Taylor Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7090 U.S.A.

3) It may not be cell biology Just because the word "biology" is in the title doesn't mean the Dictionary covers ALL biology. Other places to look ...

The fluorescence from endogenous cell constituents such as NADH, riboflavin and flavin coenzymes, which can contribute to background levels during cell imaging. CAGED COMPOUNDS ...

The cell cycle alternates between interphase and mitosis as diagrammed below. Mitosis has these four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Prophase ...

Cell Division Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction There is a special kind of cell division that occurs exclusively in the gonads (ovaries and testes) of eukaryotic organisms. This special cell division is called meiosis.

Cell Structure and Processes Human Physiology-Cell Structure and Function Anatomy of the Animal Cell ...

Cell The basic unit of any living organism, a cell is a small, watery, compartment filled with chemicals and a complete copy of the organism's genome. [Talking Glossary] Chlorophyll ...

Cell-free translation system A cell extract containing all the components required for protem synthesis (i.e. ribosomal subunits, tRNAs, amino acids, enzymes and cofactors) and able to translate added mRNA molecules.

Cell culture - A technique for growing cells under laboratory conditions. Cell fusion ...

Cell division The process by which two cells are formed from one. See meiosis and mitosis.

Cell: The smallest structural unit of all living organisms that is able to grow and reproduce independently; a cell is formed of a mass of living material surrounded by a membrane and contains a nucleus.

Cell cycle The regular, visible sequence of mitosis and interphase, the events through which dividing cell pass.

Cell or organism with membrane- bound, structurally discrete nucleus and other well- developed subcellular compartments. Eukaryotes include all organisms except viruses, bacteria, and blue- green algae. Evolutionary Clock: ...

cell [L. cella, a chamber] A basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structural unit of life. cell center ...

Cell biology studies the physiological properties of cells, as well as their behaviors, interactions, and environment; this is done both on a microscopic and molecular level.

cell cycle Sequence of stages that a cell passes through between one division and the next. The cell cycle oscillates between mitosis and the interphase, which is divided into G, S, and G2.

Cell The basic unit of any living organism that carries on the biochemical processes of life. See also: genome, nucleus Centimorgan (cM) ...

cell Minute biological compartments within which the processes of life are carried out. cell body Portion of a nerve cell that includes a cytoplasmic mass and a nucleolus, and from which the nerve fibers extend.

cell membrane the outer boundary of cells, the structure of which is visible only under the electron microscope.

Germ cell (germ line) gene therapy. The repair or re- placement of a defective gene within the gamete-forming tissues, which produces a heritable change in an organism's genetic constitution. GMO. Genetically modified organism.

Sickle cell resistance to malaria The sickle cell allele causes the normally round blood cell to have a sickle shape. The effect of this allele depends on whether a person has one or two copies of the allele.

Somatic cell genetics The study of genes using hybrids (fusions) between the somatic cells of different species.

Programmed cell death, the body's normal method of disposing of damaged, unwanted, or unneeded cells.

Eukaryotic cell: The DNA lies within a true nucleus (eu-karyon). May be unicellular (protist, some fungi) or multicellular (most fungi, plants, animals). Among eukaryotes, most fungi are haploid.

eukaryotic - cell has nucleus; divides through mitosis The cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes is fundamentally similar to that of a eukaryotic cell.

blastoderm - cell layer formed during cleavage of telolecithal and centrolecithal eggs. blastomere - any embryonic cell formed during cleavage.

Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology:For unregistered users, access is limited to one day per every ninety days. Birgid Schlindwein's Hypermedia Glossary of Genetic Terms.

An antibiotic derived from penicillin that prevents bacterial growth by interfering with cell wall synthesis. Amplify.

peptidoglycan A major component of bacterial cell walls consisting of parallel heteropolysaccharides cross-linked by short peptides.

Anaphase - phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes begin to pull to opposite poles of the cell Abiogenesis - spontaneous generation, nonliving matter yielding life ...

Artificial chromosome A vector constructed from host cell chromosomal elements such as origin of replication, telomeres and centromere (in eukaryotes).

Recombinant DNA technologies Procedures used to join together DNA segments in a cell-free system (an environment outside a cell or organism).

Biochemical Society Symposia vol 75: Biochemical Society Annual Symposium - Structure and Function in Cell Adhesion Biochemical Society Symposia vol 74: The Cell Biology of Inositol Lipids and Phosphates Biochemical Society Symposia vol 73: ...

Kingdom: One of the major subdivisions of life; based upon basic similarities in cell structure. Five kingdoms are recognized: Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae.

Epitope - as related to protein antigens, b-cell epitopes consist of the amino acid residues of a protein molecule which interact directly through noncovalent bonds with the amino acid residues of a particular antibody molecule (complementarity ...

Chromatin organization of the DNA and associated proteins in a non-dividing nucleus of a cell (chromo = color)    Chromosome a distinguishable unit of genetic material in the nucleus of a dividing cell‚ made of DNA and protein and carries genes ...

Ablation experiment: An experiment designed to produce an animal deficient in one or a few cell types, in order to study cell lineage or cell function.

Robert Horvitz, Post-Embryonic Cell Lineages of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, 56 Dev. Biol. 110 (1977); John E. Sulston, Neuronal Cell Lineages in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, 48 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): The long, spiralling m olecule that rchestrates the cell's daily operations and provides the genetic blueprint for the physical characteristics of all living organisms.

Diatom. Dominant planktonic algal form with siliceous test, occurring as a single cell or as a chain of cells Diffusion. The net movement of units of a substance from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration of that substance ...

ascospores. A spore produced within the saclike cell of the sexual state of a fungus. auricle. A small earlike projection from the base of a leaf or petal. available water. The amount of water held in the soil that can be extracted by plants.

Phage: A virus which infects a bacterial cell. Also called a Bacteriophage. Purine: A nitrogen- containing, double ring compound that occurs in nucleic acids. In DNA molecules, the purines are adenine and guanine.

Virus: Any of various submicroscopic pathogens which can only replicate inside a living cell. Taken from: Hoffmann, M.P. and Frodsham, A.C. (1993) Natural Enemies of Vegetable Insect Pests. Cooperative Extension, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. 63 pp.

See also: Human, Cells, Organ, Trans, DNA