CELL DIVISION: BINARY FISSION AND MITOSIS
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Despite differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are several common features in their cell division processes. Replication of the DNA must occur.
Cell division is a process by which a cell, called the parent cell, divides into two cells, called daughter cells. Cell division is usually a small segment of a larger cell cycle.
Cell division
The separation of one cell into two daughter cells, involving both nuclear Division (mitosis) and subsequent cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis).
Cell Division and the Cell Cycle (University of Alberta): Similar to this page, but with its own glossary and questions.
Amoeba Proteus Mitosis Small photomicrographs of protistan mitosis.
Cell Division
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
There is a special kind of cell division that occurs exclusively in the gonads (ovaries and testes) of eukaryotic organisms. This special cell division is called meiosis.
Cell Division Aids
The cell is the smallest living component of any living organism. Cells are capable of taking in nutrients, generating energy, and reproducing.
Cell division
The process by which two cells are formed from one. See meiosis and mitosis.
Related Terms:
Meiosis
The term coined by Farmer and Moore (1905) for the process of two consecutive cell divisions in the diploid progenitors of sex cells.
Cell division
Related Terms:
Mitosis
The most frequent process of nuclear division (karyokinesis) in cells that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.
cell division, mitosis, meiosis, cell cycle, cancer, exponential growth, lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, time lapse photography
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Cell division in multicellular organisms enables the organism to grow larger while the cells remain small. A large surface:volume ratio is due to small cell size.
Cell division - The origin of new cells.
Cell signaling - Regulation of cell behavior by signals from outside.
Active transport and Passive transport - Movement of molecules into and out of cells.
Adhesion - Holding together cells and tissues.
Cell division was originally appreciated primarily from a microscopic observation. You could see things happening and you could see primarily the chromosomes of the cell that contain the DNA, condensing at one time in the cell cycle and segregating.
somatic cell division resulting in two daughter cells, each with the same chromosome complement as the parent cell
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row
...
meiotic Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid.
Meissner'scorpuscles Tactile sensory receptors in the superficial dermis.
melanin Black or dark-brown pigment found in plant or animal structures.
The type of cell division by which prokaryotes reproduce; each dividing daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome.
binomial ...
Meiosis Cell division to produce sex cells. Sometimes called "reductive division" as the number of chromosome in each cell is halved.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that serves as a template for protein synthesis.
A serum protein that stimulates cell division when it binds to its cell-surface receptor. Growth phase (curve). The characteristic periods in the growth of a bacterial culture, as indicated by the shape of a graph of viable cell number versus time.
These proteins play a wide variety of roles in the cell, including movement of chromosomes before cell division.
Complete sequencing of human genomic regions containing two additional DNA repair genes.
So that it replicates and is segregated during cell division in the same way as a normal chromosome. The main uses are in preparation of genomic libraries since very large inserts (in the Mbp range) can be integrated.
In order to ensure the inheritance of a complete ensemble of critical internal components by each daughter cell, the cell division process must provide for the segregation of organelles, such as mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, ...
That's visually how we use it for some genetic tests, but it's also important that the centromere has a very important function during cell division.
This involves cell division, cell migration, and the differentiation of cells into the many types found in the baby.
Cell division, specialisation and signalling explain development, and the relationship between genes and these processes is equivocal - that is, some genes play a role in many developmental processes, ...
Chromosomes work with other nucleic acids in the cell to build proteins and help in cell division. You will most likely find mRNA in the nucleus with the DNA. tRNA is found outside of the nucleus in the cytosol.
All cells arise from other cells through cell division. In multicellular organisms, every cell in the organism's body derives ultimately from a single cell in a fertilized egg.
meiosis -- A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms. In meiosis, a diploid cell divides to produce four haploid cells, each with half the original chromosome content.
Two successive nuclear divisions (with corresponding cell divisions) that produce haploid gametes (in animals) or haploid sexual spores (in plants and fungi) having one-half of the genetic material of the original cell.
The number of mutations per cell division. The mutation rate can be determined from a Luria-Dulbruck fluctuation analysis. Sometimes the mutant frequency is described instead of mutation rate.
The process of indirect cell division is characterized by a series of complex changes in the nucleus, leading to its subdivision; this is followed by cleavage of the cell protoplasm.
Cell division--cytokinesis
Movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
Cellular motors
Cells have protein motors that bind two molecules, and using ATP as energy, cause one molecule to shift in relationship to the other.
Meiosis: the process of cell division in which a single cell produces four daughter cells each of which contains half of the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
The process of cell division in the zygote to form a multicellular embryo. There is usually no growth of cells (blastomeres) at this time so the cells decrease in volume by about 50% with each subsequent division.
The process of two consecutive cell divisions in the diploid progenitors of sex cells. Meiosis results in four rather than two daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes.
Source : Human Genome Project Information
Messenger RNA (mRNA) ...
A process of cell division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into the growth period (interphase) and four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Anaphase The stage in a cell division at which the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the spindle
Aneuploid A set of chromosomes which does not contain an exact multiple of haploid sets of chromosomes.
Meiosis (my-OH-sis) The type of cell division that makes egg and sperm cells. Meiosis generates cells that are genetically different from one another and contain half the total number of chromosomes in the parent cell. See haploid.
- A plant hormone that promotes cell division. It is usually found in the roots, young fruits and in seeds.
Cytosine (C)
- Nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA ...
parthenogenesis - special reproductive strategy in which unfertilized eggs undergo cell division and embryogenesis to develop into viable adult individuals ("virgin birth").
The primary microtubule organising center (MTOC) of animal cells, that divides prior to cell division. Each daughter MTOC acts as one pole of the spindle apparatus. The centrosome usually contains a pair of centrioles.
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In mitosis, phosphorylation of structural proteins by Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1)-cyclin B, Polo-like and mitogen-activated protein kinases underlie changes in Golgi reorganization during cell division.
Meiosis: The production of se x cells, which are not genetically identical, through a series of cell divisions. Compare to mitosis.
Messenger RNA (mRNA): A single-stranded molecule of ribonucleic acid that directs protein production.
spindle fibers - protein structures which move the chromosomes during cell division.
telophase - mitotic stage where nuclear membrane reforms and the spindle fibers disappear.
They become more compact and visible during metaphase of cell division. In interphase chromosomes, chromatin fibers are organized into 30 to 100 kb loops anchored in a supporting matrix within the nucleus.
Meiosis a special cell division resulting in sex cells with half as many chromosomes
(meio = less; -sis = the act of) ...
meristem. The collection of cells at the growing point of a plant that are capable of cell division.
metamorphosis. The change in form that takes place as insects grow from immatures to adults.
Growth factor. A serum protein that stimulates cell division when it binds to its cell-surface receptor.
 See also: Division, Cell, Vision, Cells, Organ
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