The X and Y chromosomes are called the sex chromosomes.)
Discussion of sex chromosomes ...
Chromosomes - Pull up Those Genes
Chromosomes are the things that make organisms what they are. They carry all of the information used to help a cell grow, thrive, and reproduce. Chromosomes are made up of DNA.
Chromosomes of amphibian oocytes having loops suggestive of a lampbrush. Large chromosomes found in amphibian eggs, with lateral DNA loops, extending from chromomeres, producing a brushlike appearance under the microscope.
chromosomes that are identical in their content of gene loci, though not necessarily the same alleles
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row
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Category:Chromosomes
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Condensed X chromosomes, called Barr bodies, are visible using ordinary light microscope techniques.
The number of chromosomes within the nuclei of an organism's cells is a species-specific trait.
Chromosomes
The 3 billion bp in the human genome are organized into 24 distinct, physically separate microscopic units called chromosomes. All genes are arranged linearly along the chromosomes.
chromosomes - discrete structures which occur in eukaryotic cell nuclei, contain one or two DNA double helices (in their unreplicated and replicated forms respectively), and are associated with protein especially when condensed.
Chromosomes: The self-replicating genetic structure of cells containing the cellular DNA. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
chromosomes Structures in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell that consist of DNA molecules that contain the genes. PICTURE ...
Chromosomes in a Diploid Cell
Summary of chromosome characteristics ...
sex chromosomes The chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism. In humans, females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. Chromosome that determines the gender (sex) of the individual.
Sex chromosomes: The X and Y chromosomes in human beings that determine the sex of an individual. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one X an d one Y. Single strand: One half of a DNA double helix.
sex chromosomes
The pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
sex-linked genes ...
Chromosomes contain information encoded in DNA attached to proteins called histones and are usually arranged in to a dense network called chromatin. Nucleoli are granular structures which make ribonucleic DNA (rDNA) and assemble it with proteins.
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CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE OF DNA AND PROTEINS INTERTWINED TO FORM NUCLEOSOMES AND FURTHER PACKAGED INTO THE CHROMOSOMES SEEN IN THE KARYOTYPE BELOW
THE 46 HUMAN CHROMOSOMES (from a dividing human male cell) ...
chromosomes - structure composed of a very long DNA molecule and associated proteinsthat carries part (or all) of that hereditary information of an organism.
Chromosomes are divided into genes, each gene being a stretch of DNA, i.e., a sequence of nucleotides (A,G,C,T for short). The location of a gene is called a locus. (The position of a nucleotide within a gene is called a site.
Chromosomes X and Y and …
Dominance and Crossing Over
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Sex chromosomes are a relatively recent invention. Our ancestors in the tree of evolution did not have two sex chromosomes that are fully differentiated the way we know them with an X and a Y chromosomes.
polytene chromosomes Chromosomes in the somatic cells of some insects in which the chromatin replicates repeatedly without undergoing mitosis.
polyunsaturated fat A fat having several to many double bonds between carbon atoms.
Homologous chromosomes A pair of chromosomes containing essentially the same genetic information which have been inherited one from each parent.
Homozygote (adj. homozygous) An individual having two identical alleles at a locus.
homologous chromosomes
chromosome pairs of the same length centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same traits at corresponding loci.
Homologous Chromosomes the two matching chromosomes of a pair (one from the father and one from the mother)
(homo = same‚ like‚ alike; logos = a word) ...
When a pair of chromosomes exchange exactly the same length and area of DNA. Results in a shuffling of genes.
Recombinant clone
Clone containing recombinant DNA molecules.
See also: recombinant DNA technology ...
The substance of chromosomes; now known to include DNA, chromosomal proteins, and chromosomal RNA. The nucleoprotein material of the eukaryotic chromosome.
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Method of staining chromosomes that produces light and dark bands characteristic for each chromosome. Bands are produced by staining with Giemsa stain after pretreating chromosomes with trypsin.
Along the chromosomes, which are long pieces of DNA...when you look at them as a picture, they look like lines. Well, the hard part is how to protect the ends of this line.
Alternate forms of a gene or DNA sequence, which occur on either of two homologous chromosomes in a diploid organism. (See DNA polymorphism.) Alternative mRNA splicing. The inclusion or exclusion of different exons to form different mRNA transcripts.
Amniocentesis -- prenatal diagnosis method using cells in the amniotic fluid to determine the number and kind of chromosomes of the fetus and, when indicated, perform biochemical studies. Amniocyte -- cells obtained by amniocentesis.
Anaphase - phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes begin to pull to opposite poles of the cell
Abiogenesis - spontaneous generation, nonliving matter yielding life ...
Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are the most commonly used form.
Auxotrophic mutantA bacterial strain which has a mutation in at least one of the enzymes in a biochemical pathway responsible for synthesising an essential substance, ...
It was pointed out on page 37 that the number of chromosomes found in the nucleus is constant for all the cells in an animal of any given species, and that in man the number is probably twenty-four.
The term coined by Häcker (1897) for the stage of late prophase 1 of meiosis when the chromosomes are well separated from one another (Gk. kinesis, movement; dia, apart).
Human ribosomal genes are located in NORs (nucleolar organizer regions) on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes.
DNA usually occurs as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes. A chromosome is an organized structure consisting of DNA and histones.
Centric fusion: Fusion of the long arms of two acrocentric chromosomes [13,14,15,21,22] into a single chromosome having lost the short arms at the same time. Most often occurs as 21/21, 13/14, and 14/21 translocations.
Different kinds of organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes - so 46 in all - 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes.
The complete genetic content of a cell or organism, including chromosomes, plasmids, and prophages. The total genetic information of an organism.
Prophase: During this first mitotic stage, the nucleolus fades and chromatin (replicated DNA and associated proteins) condenses into chromosomes. Each replicated chromosome comprises two chromatids, both with the same genetic information.
Each chromosome contains numerous genes. Chromosomes occur in pairs: one obtained from the mother; the other from the father. Chromosomes of different pairs are often visibly different from each other (see also DNA).
genomic DNA - nuclear DNA of the chromosomes.
genomic equivalence - concept that each cell in the body has the same genetic material and therefore all the information necessary to create a complete organism.
haploid -- Having a single set of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell. Mosses, and many protists and fungi, are haploid, as are some insects, bryophytes, and the gametes of all organisms. Contrast with diploid.
Diploid (DIP-loyd) Having two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. All human cells except eggs and sperm are diploid and have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent.
A pair of homologous chromosomes closely adjacent to each other formed during the first meiotic division within a primary spermatocyte or oocyte.
Cytoplasm also helps the cell move proteins, chromosomes and other materials including the cells organelles around the cell.
Look Closely. Do you see the cytoplasm? It is the pink area.
Chromosome Map Tool This tool can be used to display a customized map of all 5 Arabidopsis chromosomes decorated with a defined set of genes.
Heterochromatin. Dark-stained regions of chromosomes thought to be for the most part genetically inactive.
Heteroduplex. A double-stranded DNA molecule or DNA-RNA hybrid, where each strand is of a different origin.
The total gene complement of a set of chromosomes in higher life forms or the functionally similar but simplar linear arrangement in bacteria or viruses ...
Label two chromatids with each letter. This way they can line up the pairs of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I and demonstrate all of the phases of meiosis. This leads right into a lesson on dihybrid crosses and probability.
Meiosis: the process of cell division in which a single cell produces four daughter cells each of which contains half of the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Centromere The attachment site of mitotic spindles in chromosomes.
Ceramide (N-acyl sphingosine) A sphingosine with a long-chain acyl group attached to the amino group.
Genetics Basics
Mendel's Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
Chromosomes and Gender ...
A short DNA sequence of a few hundred base pairs is required to support the autonomous replication of the chromosomes.
Related
YAC ...
PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (PFGE) - Separation of large (>50 kb) pieces of DNA, including complete chromosomes and genomes, by rapidly alternating the direction of electrophoretic migration in agarose gels.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid. The primary genetic material of a cell that makes up genes and chromosomes. See also genes, chromosome.
E ...
In modern research, genetics provides important tools in the investigation of the function of a particular gene, e.g. analysis of genetic interactions. Within organisms, genetic information generally is carried in chromosomes, ...
 See also: Chromosome, DNA, Organ, Cell, Human
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