Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of something. In biology, it collectively refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms.
Cloning for Organs
Cloned Pigs Raise Transplant Hopes - Article from the August 22, 2002, issue of BBC News.
Building Brand New Kidneys - Article from the February 13, 2002, issue of The Scientist (requires subscription).
Subcloning
Cloning of the original DNA in a vector to other vectors. The original DNA may be digested to create smaller subclones.
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This process, used by researchers in the Human Genome Project, is referred to as cloning DNA. The resulting cloned (copied) collections of DNA molecules are called clone libraries.
Cloning
Cloning is the process of making identical copies of an organism, cell, or DNA sequence. Molecular cloning is a process by which scientists amplify a desired DNA sequence.
(a) Cloning DNA in Plasmids.
By fragmenting DNA of any origin (human, animal, or plant) and inserting it in the DNA of rapidly reproducing foreign cells, billions of copies of a single gene or DNA segment can be produced in a very short time.
Cloning: The process of asexually producing a group of cells (clones), all genetically identical, from a single ancestor.
Cloning other Genes
The recombinant vector described above could itself be a useful tool for cloning other genes. Let us assume that within its kanamycin resistance gene (kanr) there is a single occurrence of the sequence 5' GAATTC 3' ...
Cloning vector
A DNA molecule that is capable of replication in a suitable host cell, that has suitable site(s) for the insertion of DNA fragments by recombinant DNA techniques, ...
cloning vector - intentionally designed artificial DNA construct used by molecular biologists to amplify selected pieces of DNA inserted into the construct; examples include plasmid, phage, phagemid, cosmid, fosmid, ...
cloning vector
An agent used to transfer DNA in genetic engineering, such as a plasmid that moves recombinant DNA from a test tube back into a cell, or a virus that transfers recombinant DNA by infection.
closed circulatory system ...
Cloning Mammals
Cloning animals refers to producing offspring that are genetically identical to the animal being cloned.
Cloning
Cloning creates a genetically identical copy of an animal or plant. Cloning is the process of making copies of a specific piece of DNA, usually a gene.
Subcloning. The process of tranferring a cloned DNA fragment from one vector to another. (See Cloning.) ...
[edit] Cloning
Under appropriate conditions, each shoot meristem can develop into a complete new plant or clone. Such new plants can be grown from shoot cuttings that contain an apical meristem.
Cloning Animals
Asexual reproduction in bacteria and plants allows scientists to obtain genetically identical populations; this does not occur naturally in vertebrates, except in twins.
Cloning vector
DNA molecule originating from a virus, a plasmid, or the cell of a higher organism into which another DNA fragment of appropriate size can be integrated without loss of the vectors capacity for self-replication; ...
Sub-cloning: If you have a cloned piece of DNA (say, inserted into a plasmid) and you need unlimited copies of only a part of it, you might "sub-clone" it.
Gene cloning
- The isolation of individual genes by generating recombinant DNA molecules, which are then propagated in a host cell which produces a clone that contains a single fragment of the target DNA
Gene flow ...
SHOTGUN CLONING or SEQUENCING - Cloning of an entire genome or large piece of DNA in the form of randomly generated small fragments. The individual sequences obtained from the clones will be used to construct contigs.
Positional cloning
Strategy for identifying and cloning a gene based on its location in the genome rather than the biologic function of its product. Usually involves linking the gene locus of interest to one that has already been mapped.
Positional cloning Identification of a gene from no more starting information than its map position in the genome.
Primary constriction see centromere ...
Vector In DNA cloning, the plasmid or phage chromosome used to carry the cloned DNA segment. Also refers to the plasmids used to transform a plant.
To increase the number of copies of a DNA sequence, in vivo by inserting into a cloning vector that replicates within a host cell, or in vitro by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Anaerobe. An organism that grows in the absence of oxygen. See Aerobe.
Cloned DNA -- any DNA fragment that passively replicates in the host organism after it has been joined to a cloning vector. Codon -- a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.
Cloning is the term used to describe the production and isolation of large numbers of copies of a specific DNA sequence using a mixture of sequences as a starting point.
Marjorie Smith and I have developed procedures for the PCR amplification, cloning, and Baculovirus expression of human HLA glycoproteins.
Expression cloning (← links)
Expression gene (← links)
Lon protease (← links)
Cap (← links)
Smac 25 (← links)
Cofilin (← links)
Lock-and-key model (← links)
Pro-opiomelanocortin (← links)
Senses (← links) ...
Recent research has capitalized on the cloning of an important signalling receptor for collagen, glycoprotein VI, which is expressed only on platelets, ...
Often, GMOs are produced using gene cloning methods as a means of introducing a non-native gene into a new "recombinant" organism.
natality The production of new individuals by birth, hatching, germination, or cloning.
native species A local species that has not been introduced.
natural history The study of where and how organisms carry out their life cycles.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A method of amplifying or copying DNA fragments that is faster than cloning.
Biology:
Includes the latest developments on biology, from the Human Genome Project to advancements in cloning., Biology
bol.de - Das einfach runde Partnerprogramm ...
Chromosome walking A technique for analyzing long stretches of DNA by sequential subcloning and rescreening of overlapping segments.
Leaflets are sections of leaf will develop roots and drop off the plant, effectively cloning the plant.
An animal carrying a microorganism pathogenic for members of another species; the vector may or may not be essential for the completion of the life cycle of the pathogenic microorganism. Also, the vehicle for cloning, ...
Humans (and other mammals) only reproduce sexually but if cloning becomes common then we will have asexually produced offspring! Sexual reproduction assures that the offspring are different from the parent(s).
 See also: DNA, Sequence, Genome, Human, Trans
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