Cyanobacteria and the evolution of photosynthesis
The biochemical capacity to use water as the source for electrons in photosynthesis evolved once, in a common ancestor of extant cyanobacteria.
cyanobacteria Blue-green bacteria; unicellular or filamentous chains of cells that carry out photosynthesis.
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
Unlike other photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria ...
cyanobacteria
a large and varied group of bacteria which possess chlorophyll a and which carry out photosynthesis in the presence of light and air with concomitant production of oxygen.
Cyanobacteria
chlorophyll a, chlorphyll c, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin
Chloroxybacteria ...
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)The prokaryotic and generally photosynthetic organisms included in the kingdom Monera.
cyanogenic glycoside Glycoside that releases cyanide.
cyanophyte A cyanobacterium, blue-green alga.
Traditionally the cyanobacteria have been included among the algae, referred to as the cyanophytes or Blue-green Algae, though some recent treatises on algae specifically exclude them.
According to the endosymbiotic hypothesis of eukaryote evolution, modern day chloroplasts are the descendents of ancient cyanobacteria.
By contrast, the highly related Synechococcus contains chlorophyll a and phycobilins that are more typical of cyanobacteria.
Specifically, the mitochondria found in all eukaryotic cells and the chloroplasts found in photosynthetic eukaryotic cells are very similar to aerobic bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) respectively.
Microbes similar to today's cyanobacteria were present at this time. We know this based on the presence of stromatolites - fossilized microbial mats consisting of layers of filamentous prokaryotes - and trapped sediment that date back to that time.
All plants, algae, and cyanobacteria which photosynthesize contain chlorophyll "a". A second kind of chlorophyll is chlorophyll "b", which occurs only in "green algae" and in the plants.
Prokaryote: Organisms, namely bacteria and cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae), characterized by the possession of a simple naked DNA chromosome, occasionally two such chromosomes, usually of circular structure, ...
Prokaryotic cells may have photosynthetic pigments, such as is found in cyanobacteria ("blue bacteria"). Some prokaryotic cells have external whip-like flagella for locomotion or hair like pili for adhesion.
Bacteria superficially resemble Archeons in their general sizes and shapes, but are distinguished from them by different membrane structures, gene sequences, and metabolisms. One important type of bacteria is the cyanobacteria, ...
However, a growing body of evidence indicates that the chloroplasts of some algae have not been derived by engulfing cyanobacteria in a primary endosymbiosis like those discussed above, but by engulfing photosynthetic eukaryotes.
An organism of the kingdom monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria, characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by dna that is not organized into chromosomes.
Some prokaryotic cells are photosynthetic (example: cyanobacteria).
The cells have a cell wall and some contain a gelatinous sheath outside the cell wall.
Motile bacteria have flagella.
(het-ur-oh-sist)
A specialized cell that engages in nitrogen fixation on some filamentous cyanobacteria.
heteromorphic ...
However, a 2004 paper concerning the cyanobacteria does advocate a future adoption of a BioCode and interim steps consisting of reducing the differences between the codes.
Simpler one-celled organisms (prokaryotes), like the bacteria and cyanobacteria, don't have a nucleus. In these organisms, all of the cell's information and administrative functions are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm.
Phycobilisome A large assembly of phycobiliproteins, which contain the light-absorbing compound bilin, that harvests light for organisms, such as red algae and cyanobacteria, living at a depth of a meter or more in seawater.
 See also: Bacteria, Organ, Plant, Cells, Trans
|
