DNA Repair
Importance
DNA in the living cell is subject to many chemical alterations (a fact often forgotten in the excitement of being able to do DNA sequencing on dried and/or frozen specimens [Link]).
DNA Repair Genes
DNA repair genes, discovered by Richard Setlow and other DOE-funded researchers in the mid-1960s, also are important to toxicology and mutation research.
DNA repair: Restoration of the correct nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule that has acquired a mutation or modification. It includes proofreading by DNA polymerase (see helicase).
[edit] DNA repair genes
Increasing evidence suggests mutation in genes that regulate recognition and repair of DNA damage are critical in tumorigenesis. These DNA damage recognition and repair genes could be considered a unique class of cancer.
DNA Repair Genes
A third type of gene associated with cancer is the group involved in DNA repair and maintenance of chromosome structure. Environmental factors, such asionizing radiation, UV light, and chemicals, can damage DNA.
Chromosomal DNA accumulates mutations at a predictable rate as a result of errors in replication and environmental mutagens, which are not corrected by DNA repair systems.
Linkage The proximity of two or more markers (e.g., genes, RFLP markers) on a chromosome; the closer together the markers are, the lower the probability that they will be separated during DNA repair or replication processes (binary fission in ...
Due to DNA replication and DNA repair mechanisms, mutation rates of individual genes are low, but since each organism has many genes, and a population has many individuals, new mutations arise in populations all the time.
VSP repair
"Very short patch" DNA repair. A DNA repair mechanism that corrects G-T mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methyl cytosine in enteric bacteria. A short DNA fragment including the mismatch is excised and resynthesized.
A disease (loss of muscle control, and reddening of the skin) in human beings caused by a defect in DNA repair mechanisms induced by ionising radiation (X-rays, beta and alpha particles, gamma rays).
In addition to its AP endonuclease activity, it exhibits other DNA repair ... In contrast, Nfo (an AP endonuclease) generates 16 and 21mer fragments ...
Full article ...
DNA ligase - protein that joins (ligates) DNA strands; used by cells for DNA repair, by molecular biologists for gene cloning.
Lligase -- an enzyme that functions in DNA repair. Linkage -- the greater association in inheritance of two or more nonallelic genes than is to be expected from independent assortment; ...
 See also: DNA, Protein, Genome, Sequence, Gene
  
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