Host

Host (biology)
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noun, plural: host cells
(1) A cell that harbors foreign molecules, viruses, or microorganisms. For example, a cell being host to a virus.

host -- Organism which serves as the habitat for a parasite, or possibly for a symbiont. A host may provide nutrition to the parasite or symbiont, or simply a place in which to live.

Host: The organism in or on which a parasitoid lives; a plant on which an insect feeds.
Host plant resistance: The relative amount of heritable qualities possessed by a plant that reduces the degree of damage to the plant by a pest or pests.

Hostcontrolled restriction
A mechanism by which some bacteria degrade unmodified foreign DNA by a restriction endonuclease that recognizes a specific nucleotide sequence.

host. A plant or animal that provides sustenance for another organism.
hypha (plural: hyphae). One of the filaments forming the body, or mycelium, of a fungus.

Host. An organism that contains another organism.
Human Genome Project. A project coordinated by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy (DOE) to determine the entire nucleotide sequence of the human chromosomes.

host - organism that furnishes food, shelter or other benefits to another organism of a different species (Glossary of PM) ...

59. New Host Strains for Stabilization and Modification of YAC Clones ...

host cells that have become infected with virus;
host cells that have become cancerous.
Features of NK Cells
The specificity of the receptors with which NK cells recognize potential targets are NOT diversified like the ...

host specificity Degree to which a parasite is able to mature in more than one host species.
host An animal or protist that harbors or nourishes another organism (parasite).

Host strain (bacterial): The bacterium used to harbor a plasmid. Typical host strains include HB101 (general purpose E. coli strain), DH5a (ditto), JM101 and JM109 (suitable for growing M13 phages), XL1-Blue (general-purpose, ...

The host cell wall to ruptures releasing the newly formed viruses.
Upon entering the cell, the viral DNA may instead, become integrated into the bacterial DNA. It is replicated along with the host DNA when the host reproduces.

Without a host cell, viruses cannot carry out their life-sustaining functions or reproduce.

Reservoir host
Species in a particular area in which rabies is maintained despite high mortality ...

This releases a host of inflammatory materials - leukotrienes, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-4 and other cytokines that turn on other inflammatory cells.

Affymetrix to Host Conference Call on July 22, 2009 to Announce Second Quarter 2009 Results ... Affymetrix and Genisphere Launch Best-in-Class Solution for ...
Full article ...

Absorb food from a host or from their environment.
All heterotrophic.
Single-celled, filamentous, to multicelled; all eukaryotic.

To increase the number of copies of a DNA sequence, in vivo by inserting into a cloning vector that replicates within a host cell, or in vitro by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Anaerobe. An organism that grows in the absence of oxygen. See Aerobe.

Bacteriophage -- a virus whose host is a bacterium; commonly called phage. Barr body -- the condensed single X-chromosome seen in the nuclei of somatic cells of female mammals.

Epiphyte a plant which uses a rock or host plant merely as a place of residence and obtains its moisture and nutrients directly from the air; an air plant. A type of growthform.

Artificial chromosomeA vector constructed from host cell chromosomal elements such as origin of replication, telomeres and centromere (in eukaryotes).

Phage A virus for which the natural host is a bacterial cell.
Physical map A map of the locations of identifiable landmarks on DNA (e.g., restriction enzyme cutting sites, genes), regardless of inheritance. Distance is measured in base pairs.

infect the same host (like a bird or pig) and then mutate into a more
potent strain that could have the potential to infect human hosts and be
spread by person to person contact. There have been minor outbreaks of ...

b) the nucleic adic core of a virus; c) the enzymes associated with a bacteriophage; d) the proteins that surround a typical virus.
When a virus is in the lytic cycle, which of these will occur? a) viral DNA becomes incorporated into the host DNA; ...

Its normal host is the hawthorn tree. Sometime during the nineteenth century it began to infest apple trees. Since then it has begun to infest cherries, roses, pears and possibly other members of the rosaceae.

Phagocytes utilize an NADPH oxidase to generate large amounts of ROS, and exploit their toxic properties as a host-defence mechanism to kill invading microbes.

The contraction of the stalk then acts like a syringe to inject the viral DNA into the host bacterial cell. Viruses and virus like particles called episomes are responsible for transferring antibiotic resistance from one bacterium to another.

Antibody is a part of the host cell's defense. It's made by a certain type of white blood cell that's called a B cell.

They need to infect or invade a host cell. That host cell will do all the work to duplicate the virus.
(2) They don't respond to anything. You can poke them or set up barriers, it doesn't matter. They either function or they are destroyed.

A virus for which the natural host is a bacterial cell. Used as a vector for cloning segments of DNA.
Related Terms:
Virus
A noncellular biological entity that can reproduce only within a host cell.

One reason for this is that people (especially women who have had multiple pregnancies) may possess antibodies directed against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) which are present on the host cells used to propagate HIV.

Viruses do not acquire life during their parasitoid stance in the host cells since life cannot be transferred or infused, but viruses are directed by the same host cells to make them to coincide with their own macroscopic characteristics, ...

A noncellular biological entity that can reproduce only within a host cell. Viruses consist of nucleic acid covered by protein; some animal viruses are also surrounded by membrane.

Plasmid A short circular DNA sequence which is replicated within a host bacterium (or yeast) and which usually confers a selective advantage (such as antibiotic resistance) to the host.

viruses - obligate intracellular parasites that require the host cell's biochemical machinery to drive protein synthesis and metabolize sugars.

A symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont (parasite) benefits at the expense of the host by living either within the host (endoparasite) or outside the host (ectoparasite). See Symbiosis.
parasympathetic division ...

For bacteria and yeasts, transformation refers to the techniques of introducing plasmid or other vectors into a host cell.

in rust fungi, a cup at the surface of the host in which dikaryotic spores called aeciospores are produced
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby
...

- Genetic elements (DNA molecule) that may exist either as an integral part of the host chromosome or as independentky replicating DNA molecule (plasmid) free of the host chromosome
Ethidium bromide ...

A particle consisting of a nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) genome surrounded by a protein coat (capsid) and sometimes also a membrane, which can replicate only after infecting a host cell.

An organism that causes the death of host tissues as it grows through them such that it is always colonising dead substrate.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...

Virus An infectious agent composed of proteins and genetic material (either DNA or RNA) that requires a host cell, such as a plant, animal, or bacterium, in which to reproduce.

A second meaning refers to cloning DNA, or the act of creating copies of an individual gene, for expression in a foreign host, which leads to generation of exact replica macromolecules (e.g. DNA, RNA, proteins).
4. How do Buffers Work?

Some plasmids are capable of integrating into the host genome and are used as a cloning vector for small pieces of DNA (typically 50 to 5000 base pairs) by insertion into the plasmid.

Bacteriophage a type of virus that invades‚ lives in‚ and kills a host species of bacterium
(phago = to eat) ...

TRANSLATION - The process whereby mRNA directs the synthesis of a protein molecule; carried out by the ribosome in association with a host of translation initiation, elongation and termination factors.

Lysogenic bacteriophage A phage whose DNA is integrated into the host cell by site-specific recombination and whose expression is repressed.
Lysogenic bacterium A bacterial cell whose chromosome contains a prophage.

histocompatibility antigens - cell surface glycoproteins that differ from individual to individual; their recognition as foreign by a host organism is responsible for rejection of grafted foreign tissue.

Co-evolution: Joint evolution of two unrelated species that have a close ecological relationship resulting in reciprocal adaptations as happens between host and parasite, and plant and insect.

T-DNA The portion of the Agrobacterium tumafaciens Ti plasmid (including the terminal repeats) that is integrated into the host genome.

of this phylum were formerly called sporozoans, and are parasites of animals, some of which cause dangerous human diseases. Most apicomplexans have intricate life cycles with both sexual and asexual stages, often requiring two or more different host ...

See also: Trans, Organ, Cells, Cell, DNA