In vitro

In vitro
within a glass, observable in a test tube, in an artificial environment. In an artificial environment outside the living organism; an egg fertilized in vitro.

in vitro
"in glass"; outside of the living body; in the test tube
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ...

In an experimental situation outside the organism. Biological or chemical work done in the test tube (in vitro is Latin for "in glass") rather than in living systems.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...

PCR (in vitro DNA amplification)
Described as being to genes what Gutenberg's printing press was to the written word, ...

In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)
FSH is injected in woman
Just before ovulation eggs are collected and matured
Fertilisation → collected sperm sample is added to collected mature egg ...

In vitro packaging
Synthesis of infective phage particles from a preparation of phage capsid proteins and a concatamer of phage DNA molecules.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
IVF involves
harvesting mature eggs from the mother. This is not an easy process. The mother must undergo hormonal treatments to produce multiple eggs, which then must be removed (under anesthesia) from her ovaries.

In vitro
Studies performed outside a living organism such as in a laboratory.
In vivo ...

[edit] In vitro self-assembly
The thinnest fibers of the cytoskeleton (measuring approximately 7 nm in diameter), microfilaments are formed by the head-to-tail polymerization of actin monomers (also known as globular or G-actin).

In vitro
Outside a living organism. In a glass (test-tube). Antonym: in vivo.
Related Terms:
In vivo
Within a living organism. Antonym: in vitro.

In vitro
- Performed in a test tube or other laboratory apparatus.
In vitro selection ...

In vitro: Outside a living organism.
K

Karyotype: A photomicrograph of an individuals chromosomes arranged in a standard format showing the number, size, and shape of each chromosome type; ...

IN VITRO TRANSLATION - See RETICULOCYTE LYSATE.
kb - 'kilobase"
KILOBASE - Unit of 1000 nucleotide bases, either RNA or DNA.

To replicate DNA in vitro, PCR takes advantage of a special property of the molecule: the hydrogen bonds. These bonds, which bind the complementary strands of DNA together in a double helix, are broken at elevated temperatures (about 95° C).

A DNA molecule made in vitro with segments from different sources.
recombination ...

To increase the number of copies of a DNA sequence, in vivo by inserting into a cloning vector that replicates within a host cell, or in vitro by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Anaerobe. An organism that grows in the absence of oxygen. See Aerobe.

DNA sequencing -- "plus and minus" or "primed synthesis" method, developed by Sanger, DNA is synthesized in vitro in such a way that it is radioactively labeled and the reaction terminates specifically at the position corresponding to a given ...

Filamentous bacteriophages are used to produce single-stranded DNA for sequencing or in vitro mutagenesis (eg. M13), and as vectors for Phage display expression screening systems ...

In vitro Outside a living organism.
Informatics The study of the application of computer and statistical techniques to the management of information.

As in PCR Amplification - exponential increase of the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence in vitro by using the polymerase chain reaction.

Antonym: in vitro.
Bioinformatics
Current efforts in molecular biology are producing an abundance of data that provides exciting opportunities for knowledge discovery, as well as an increasing problem of information overload.

The exciting observation is that many human tumors include B-cells that secrete anti-tumor antibody in vitro.

In Mullis's original PCR process, the enzyme was used in vitro (in a controlled environment outside an organism). The double-stranded DNA was separated into two single strands by heating it to 96C.

The simplest, and some of the more complex of the organic molecules found in living organisms, have been synthesized in vitro (literally, in glass, meaning in the test tube).

Omne vivum ex ovo ¡¤ In vivo ¡¤ In vitro ¡¤ In utero ¡¤ In silico
Related disciplines
Medicine (Physician) ¡¤ Physical anthropology ¡¤ Environmental science ¡¤ Life Sciences ¡¤ Biotechnology ...

Actomyosin A complex formed in vitro between myosin and actin that displays certain properties of muscles, such as contracting in the presence of ATP.

Biotechnology-derived: The use of molecular biology and/or recombinant DNA technology, or in vitro gene transfer, to develop products or to impart specific capabilities in plants or other living organisms.

Complementary (copy) DNA (cDNA): Single-stranded DNA produced from an RNA template (usually mRNA) by reverse transcriptase in vitro. It lacks the introns present in corresponding genomic DNA.

Enzyme that catalysis the joining of two DNA fragments with compatible ends. Ligase is required for DNA replication and recombination. Ligase used for in vitro ligation is usually purified from bacteria.
Related
Compatible ends Ligation ...

cosmid A plasmid into which phage lambda cos sites have been inserted. As a result,the plasmid DNA can be packaged in vitro into the phage coat.

About 40 of the cases are due to male problems, 40 due to female problems and the remaining 20% are caused by some unknown agent(s). In vitro fertilization (test-tube babies) is a widely used technique to aid infertile couples.

artificially acquired passive immunity The type of immunity that results from introducing antibodies that have been produced either in another animal or by specific in vitro methods into an animal.

Cosmids, however, have a cos site, and thus can be packaged into l phage heads (a reaction which can be performed in vitro ) to allow efficient introduction into bacteria (you'll have to look up the cos site elsewhere).

See also: Cells, Human, Trans, DNA, Cell