Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria. The mitochondria are organelles found in cells that are the sites of energy production.

Mitochondrial DNA
A similar situation exists for mitochondrial DNA, but in this case it applies to females. Because
the fertilized egg contains only the mother's mitochondria [Link] and
there is no recombination in mitochondrial DNA, ...

Mitochondrial DNA The DNA of the mitochondrial genome.
Mitochondrial inheritance Inheritance of a character encoded in the mitochondrial genome.
Mitosis A normal cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Mitochondrial DNA
The genetic material of the mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell. [Talking Glossary]
Mitosis ...

What is mitochondrial DNA?
Mitochondrial DNA is the small piece of DNA that is found inside our mitochondria. Our mitochondria are little powerhouses in our cells.

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
Circular or linear DNA of the mitochondria. It codes for only a small but essential part of the mitochondrial proteins and for genes for tRNAs and rRNAs.

Mitochondrial DNA is localized to the matrix, which also contains a host of enzymes, as well as ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Mitochondrial DNA studies find four distinct groups descended from peoples of Siberia. Amerind mtDNA suggests two waves of migration (one perhaps as old as 21-42 thousand years ago).

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) comparisons serve as a model for genome evolution and as a tool for reconstructing evolutionary relationships. Relative to the nuclear genome, this system has several advantages for a comprehensive sampling across life.

However, mitochondrial DNA reflects the history of only females in a population, and so may not represent the history of the population as a whole.

Genome -- all of the genes carried by a single gamete; the DNA content of an individual, which includes all 44 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes, and the mitochondrial DNA. Genotype -- genetic constitution of an organism.

Mitochondrial DNAMitochondria, and chloroplasts in plants, carry their own small chromosomes, usually in multiple copies per organelle. These carry a limited number of genes which code for rRNA, tRNA and a few organelle proteins.

Wayne and Jenks, in a recent Nature, present a study of the mtDNA(mitochondrial DNA -- it's maternally inherited) of the endangered red wolf, Canis rufus. This species, once extending over a large range in the southeast, is now extinct in the wild.

Incorporation of the drug into mitochondrial DNA disrupts the ability of mitochondria to make ATP.
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The virus with mutations must overproduce lactic acid.

They contain their own DNA, called mitochondrial DNA, a very small amount of DNA inherited only from your mother.
Mitosis Cell division producing two genetically identical cells.
Monosomy The total loss of one of a pair of chromosomes.

Recovering the Romanovs: an interactive website showing how mitochondrial DNA comparison was used as a maternity test in a very interesting case.
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See more about: Paternity testing ...

Coelacanths live in deep oceans. They were once considered extinct, although more than 200 have been captured since 1938. Mitochondrial DNA analysis supports the hypothesis that lungfish are probably the closest living relatives of amphibians.

Extra-chromosomal inheritance: Non-Mendelian inheritance due to extra-nuclear DNA (mitochondrial DNA in animals). The transmission of the trait only occurs from mothers.

Mitochondrial diseases A set of diseases resulting from mutations in mitochondrial DNA; most prevalent in tissues that depend heavily on oxidative phosphorylation, such as the heart and nervous system.

Trinucleotide Repeat Syndromes: Fragile X, Huntington, Myotonic dystrophy, Friederichs' ataxia, Kennedy Disease, etc.
Mitochondrial Inheritance: Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA,MERFF, LHON, etc.

The mitochondrial DNA is genetically distinct from that in the nucleus. Since a mitochondrion has its own genetic material, and is capable of manufacturing its own RNAs and proteins, it is said to be a semi-autonomous, self-reproducing structure.

See also: DNA, Mitochondria, Organ, Human, Trans