modification
1. A nonhereditary change in an organism; e.g., one that is acquired from its own activity or environment.
2. A chemical or structural alteration in a molecule.
Chapter 3
The role of post-translational modification in b-amyloid precursor protein processing
Niki Georgopoulou, Mark McLaughlin, Ian McFarlane and Kieran C.Breen1 ...
Modifications for Other Vectors
Improvements to the original optical mapping method now allow analysis of a wide range of such cloning vectors as cosmid, bacteriophage, P1, ...
Modification (of DNA)
The specific addition of secondary residues (methyl, hydroxymethyl, glucosyl) to deoxyribonucleotides by an organism to differentiate its own DNA from other DNA or for regulatory purposes.
Modification of DNA Gene Amplification
In Drosophila (fruit flies), the chorion (eggshell) gene is copied many times in certain cells of the oviduct. These cells make large quantities of the protein needed to surround the egg.
Base modifications
Further information: DNA methylation
The expression of genes is influenced by how the DNA is packaged in chromosomes, in a structure called chromatin.
Gene modification. The chemical repair of a gene's defective DNA sequence. See DNA.
Gene pool. The totality of all alleles of all genes of all individuals in a particular population.
Histone Modifications
Although their amino acid sequence (primary structure) is unvarying, individual histone molecules do vary in structure as a result of chemical modifications that occur later to individual amino acids.
These include adding: ...
Modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus, a process unique to eukaryotes.
RNA splicing
The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.
{Modifications}
Related to
Resemblance to G protein-coupled receptor and members of the Frizzled family of serpetine proteins ...
A modification of this procedure - called 2D gel electrophoresis - separates proteins into two dimensions, using two different characteristics.
The modifications to molecules that take place in the Golgi apparatus occur in an orderly fashion. Each Golgi stack has two distinct ends, or faces.
(1) The modification of a genome by the external application of DNA from a cell of different genotype.
(2) Conversion of normal eukaryotic cells to a cancer-like state of uncontrolled division.
Genetic modifications to enzymes through protein engineering techniques such as site-directed mutagenesis and DNA shuffling have allowed scientists to enhance the catalytic properties of certain enzymes under specific industrial conditions such as ...
sensilla Modifications of the exoskeleton of an arthropod that, along with nerve cells, form sensory receptors.
sensillum, A small sense organ, especially in the arthropods.
Covalent modification The attachment to and removal of chemical groups from an enzyme and the consequent change in the catalytic properties of that enzyme.
- A chemical modification that is added to the 5' end of a eukaryotic mRNA molecule during post-transcriptional processing of the primary transcript
Capsid
- The protein coat of a virus ...
Primates have modifications to their ulna and radius (bones of the lower arm) allowing them to turn their hand without needing to turn their elbow. Many primates can also swivel or turn their arms at the shoulder.
Problem 15: Modification to the 3'-end of eukaryotic mRNAs
Which of the following features would you expect to find at the 3'-end of hnRNA?
A.
intron ...
POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION - Modifications made to a polypeptide molecule after its initial synthesis, this includes proteolytic cleavages, phosphorylation, glycosylation, carboxylation, addition of fatty acid moieties, etc.
The development of the medulla oblongata resembles that of the medulla spinalis, but at the same time exhibits one or two interesting modifications.
Gel-free methods include various tagging or chemical modification methods, such as isotope-coded affinity tags (ICATs) or combined fractional diagnoal chromatography (COFRADIC).
Protein sequence analysis.
Essentially, what it refers to is the chemical modification of a DNA sequence. Keep in mind here that the DNA sequence itself is not changing.
These modifications account for much of the diversity and success of arthropods.
A complex nervous system with a brain connected to a ventral solid nerve cord. The head bears various sensory organs.
Artificial modification of a gene in a specific and directed fashion. Typically refers to substituting one DNA sequence for another to inactivate a gene or introduce or correct a mutation in a gene.
Related Terms:
Gene ...
One modification that may have been a key to their success was the evolution of an upright stance. Amphibians and reptiles have a splayed stance and walk with an undulating pattern because their limbs are modified from fins.
Epigenetics refers to modifications in gene expression that are controlled by heritable but potentially reversible changes in DNA methylation and/or chromatin structure.
Related
Chromatin DNA methylation ...
Of course, modifications to these original antibiotics have been made in the laboratory so that we now have a wide variety.
Epistatic interaction: In genetic epidemiology, an epistatic effect is the modification of the risk conferred by one marker by the presence of a marker from an unrelated gene (unlinked gene-gene interaction).
Traditional breeding: Modification of plants and animals through selective breeding. Practices used in traditional plant breeding may include aspects of biotechnology such as tissue culture and mutation breeding.
Cre-loxP system
Method for the introduction of genetic modifications into specific genes by homologous recombination using Cre a site-specific, bacteriophage P1-derived recombinase.
The Cre recombinase cuts at the loxP-tagged genes.
Source ...
evolution -- Darwin's definition: descent with modification. The term has been variously used and abused since Darwin to include everything from the origin of man to the origin of life.
zona reaction - in mammals, modification of the zona pellucida that blocks polyspermy; enzymes released by cortical granules digest sperm receptor proteins ZP2 and ZP3 so that they can no longer bind sperm.
strategy that focuses on long-term prevention or suppression of pest problems through a combination of techniques such as encouraging biological control, use of resistant varieties, and adoption of alternate cultural practices such as modification of ...
gland - organ that separates certain elements from the blood or haemolymph and secretes them (often with modification) in the form for the body to use; products may be for internal use (hormones), ...
Biotechnology - a new and sometimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification
Building biology - study of the indoor living environment
Botany - the study of plants ...
Imprinting -- a chemical modification of a gene allele which can be used to identify maternal or paternal origin of chromosome.
amino acid sequence Amino acid sequences for proteins from the start of translation to the terminator. Unless specifically noted, the sequences contain all amino acids present before any post translational modification occurs (e.g.
They exist because of multiple gene loci or multiple alleles (also called allelomorphs / allelozymes or allozymes) or subunit interaction or secondary changes - such as post-translational modification.
Since the cloned DNA may have been extensively modified (for example, protein binding sites on the promoter may have been altered or removed), this procedure is often used to test whether a particular modification affects the function of a gene.
 See also: Trans, Organ, Protein, Human, Cells
|
