molecule
two or more atoms combined chemically
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ...
Molecule
The result of two or more atoms combining by chemical bonding.
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Molecule
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Large Molecules Problem Set
How do proteins catalyze biological reactions? How does the structure of DNA help explain the mechanism for encoding genetic information? How is energy stored in organisms as polysaccharides and lipids?
Molecules are compounds in which the elements are in definite, fixed ratios, as seen in Figure 12. Those atoms are held together usually by one of the three types of chemical bonds discussed above. For example: water, glucose, ATP.
Organic molecules are those that: 1) formed by the actions of living things; and/or 2) have a carbon backbone. Methane (CH4) is an example of this.
Organic molecules with a hydroxyl group (-OH).
Methanol [CH3OH] and ethanol (beverage alcohol)[CH3CH2OH] are common examples.
Sugars are also alcohols.
Chapter 7
Single-molecule live-cell imaging of clathrin-based endocytosis
Tomas Kirchhausen*1, Werner Boll*, Antoine van Oijen† and Marcelo Ehrlich* ...
Pairs with guanine in DNA molecules.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): the molecule that encodes genetic information. DNA is composed of two anti-parallel strands which wind about a common axis to form a double helix.
Hydrophobic; describing molecules or groups that are poorly soluble in water. These molecules would be composed either of elements having nonpolar covalent bonds or polar covalent bonds that cancel each other out.
molecule
[L. dim. of moles, mass]
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
molting ...
Molecule two or more atoms bonded together
(molecul = a little mass)
Kingdom Monera the Kindgom to which prokaryotes such as bacteria and blue-green algae belong
(moner‚ mono = one‚ single) ...
Molecule
The smallest particle of a substance having all the characteristics of the substance.
Source : Word Central Student's Dictionary
Monogenic disorder ...
Molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are held together by covalent bonds. They may be composed of atoms of the same element or of different elements.
Example: Methane ...
Single Molecule DNA Sequencing
Hong Cai, Peter M. Goodwin, James H. Jett, Richard A. Keller, Nicholas P. Machara, Susan L. Riley, and David J. Semin
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 ...
Cognate molecule: A relative descended from a common ancestor. Usually used to describe the corresponding partner in a receptor-ligand complex.
Molecule Enzyme Reaction type Reactants/
Coenzymes Products/
Coenzymes
I. Citrate ...
Molecules containing Carbon in their structures are called Organic compounds; for example, the Carbon Dioxide, which is formed by one atom of Carbon and two atoms of Oxygen (CO2).
molecule A particle composed of two or more atoms bonded together. An aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by special forces.
molecular biology The study of the biochemical structure and function of organisms.
A molecule that an enzyme binds and acts upon.
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a molecule consisting of many joined amino acids, but not as complex as a protein
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby
a chain of covalently linked amino acids joined by peptide bonds ...
A molecule whose shape triggers the production of antibodies (immunoglobulins) that will bind to the antigen. A foreign substance capable of triggering an immune response in an organism.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...
A molecule usually composed of 25 or fewer nucleotides; used as a DNA synthesis primer.
See also: nucleotide
Oncogene ...
The molecule that encodes genetic information. DNA is a double-stranded molecule held together by weak bonds between base pairs of nucleotides. The four nucleotides in DNA contain the bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
- A molecule that has been labeled with a radioactive isotope, dye or enzyme and is used to locate a particular portion of a DNA molecule.
DNA sequence
- The order of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.
macromolecule - molecule such as a protein, nucleic acid, or polysaccharide with a molecular mass greater that a few thousand daltons ...
The same molecules are found in all earth organisms today. The simplest, and some of the more complex of the organic molecules found in living organisms, have been synthesized in vitro (literally, in glass, meaning in the test tube).
DNA The molecule in which the genetic information of most organisms is encoded. See textbooks and first year lecture notes for more detail! ...
When oriented molecules such as crystalline chemicals are placed between two polarizing filters, the crystals exhibit amazing colored landscapes or subtle patterns.
Biotin
A molecule that can be incorporated into dUTP and used as a non-radioactive label for a DNA probe.
Agonists Molecules that bind to receptor proteins and trigger signaling pathways.
Alcaptonuria A relatively harmless hereditary disorder resulting from the aberrant breakdown of tyrosine and phenylalanine.
Hormone A molecule that stimulates specific cellular activity; made in one part of the body and transported via the bloodstream to tissues and organs. Examples include insulin, estrogen, and testosterone.
...
Several of the molecules we work on do this; one is called defensin, which is a wonderful word for a protein.
Polymer. A molecule composed of repeated subunits.
Polymerase (DNA). Synthesizes a double-stranded DNA molecule using a primer and DNA as a template. (See Poly(A) polymerase, Polymerase chain reaction, RNA polymerase, Taq polymerase.) ...
PART III: THE MOLECULES
Chlorophyll is the magic compound that can grab that sunlight and start the whole process. Chlorophyll is actually quite a varied compound. There are four (4) types: a, b, c, and d.
A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order; the order is determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the gene coding for the protein.
Blood pigment. A molecule used by an organism to transport oxygen efficiently, usually in a circulatory system (e.g., hemoglobin)
Bloom. (phytoplankton) A population burst of phytoplankton that remains within a defined part of the water column ...
Recombinant DNA molecules A combination of DNA molecules of different origin that are joined using recombinant DNA technologies.
Polypeptide: A molecule made up of a stri ng of amino acids. A protein is an example of a polypeptide.
Proteins: The active molecules in all cells. Proteins control biochemical reactions and determine the physical structure of organisms.
DNA is a very large molecule; the image here shows only a tiny fraction of the typical molecule. If an entire molecule of DNA from the virus "bacteriophage lambda" were shown at this scale, the image would be 970 meters high.
A matrix composed of a highly purified form of agar that is used to separate larger DNA and RNA molecules ranging 20,000 nucleotides. (See Electrophoresis.) Alleles.
Amplification -- any process by which specific DNA sequences are replicated disproportionately greater than their representation in the parent molecules. Aneuploidy -- state of having variant chromosome number (too many or too few). (i.e.
Life Evolving: Molecules, Mind, and Meaning. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 44. ISBN 0195156056.
^ Futuyma, DJ (2005). Evolution. Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0878931873. OCLC 57638368 62621622 57311264 57638368 62621622.
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid is the double-helix molecule holding the genetic information of organisms that, along with protein, composes the chromatin ...
Annealing Formation of double-stranded molecules from two single strands of nucleic acid by base pairing of complementary sequence. Usually achieved incubation at a favourable temperature.
Electrophoresis is a very broadly used technique which, fundamentally, applies electric current to biological molecules, whether--they're usually DNA, they can be protein or RNA, too...
In a related paper, Glen and Payne 1995 discuss the use of genetic algorithms to automatically design new molecules from scratch to fit a given set of specifications.
Proteins, carbohydrates, phospholipids, and other molecules formed in the endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the Golgi apparatus to be biochemically modified during their transition from the cis to the trans poles of the complex.
This technique is based on the assumption that a highly-transcribed gene should have more molecules of RNA polymerase bound to it than will the same gene in a less-active state.
Autotroph: An organism that synthesizes organic molecules from inorganic starting materials through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Refers to the two ends of a DNA or RNA molecule. The 5 prime end has a free hydroxyl (or phosphate) on a 5' carbon and the 3 prime end has a free hydroxyl (or phosphate) on a 3' carbon.
cAMP - cyclic 3',5' - adenosine monophosphate, an important intracellular second messenger molecule formed from ATP by the enzyme adenylate cyclase.
RNA product - DNA genes are copied into RNA products; messenger RNA molecules are then translated into proteins; other RNA products including transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA are not translated into protein.
organic. A material (e.g. pesticide) whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. Also may refer to plants or animals which are grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
Ballistic particle-mediated gene transfer. Complementary DNA molecules are adsorbed to gold particles and shot by a pressure gas jet into tissues or culture cells.
HIGH-PRESSURE FREEZING ...
A qualitative or quantitative immunological test for detecting specific molecules (eg antigens or antibodies), performed on a solid phase using a visible enzyme-chromogen reaction.
The components of a typical prokaryotic cell are a cell wall, a cytoplasmic membrane, a single molecule of DNA, ribosomes and the cytoplasm. All other components, although they might be present, are essentially dispensable.
The job of each of these organs is to break food down into smaller pieces or smaller blocks, so that by the time that this food reaches the cells of your body, they are nothing more than tiny molecules.
An animal carrying a microorganism pathogenic for members of another species; the vector may or may not be essential for the completion of the life cycle of the pathogenic microorganism. Also, the vehicle for cloning, typically a DNA molecule ...
in the investigation of the function of a particular gene, e.g. analysis of genetic interactions. Within organisms, genetic information generally is carried in chromosomes, where it is represented in the chemical structure of particular DNA molecules.
 See also: Protein, Trans, Organ, Cells, DNA
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