Mutation rate

mutation rate
the rate at which mutations occur at a specific locus; usually expressed as mutations per gamete per locus per generation
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ...

Mutation Rate = # of mutations observed [30] ÷ (# of experimental lines [198]) x (average # of generations [339]) x (average # of base pairs sequenced [~21,000])
yielding a rate of 2.1 x 10-8 mutations per base pair per generation.

Mutation rate
The number of mutations per cell division. The mutation rate can be determined from a Luria-Dulbruck fluctuation analysis. Sometimes the mutant frequency is described instead of mutation rate.

mutation rate The average occurrence of mutations in a species per a given unit of time.

Mutation Rate The frequency with which mutations occur.
Nondisjunction The failure of a chromosome pair to separate at the first meiotic division, ...

[edit] Mutation rates
RNA viruses generally have very high mutation rates as they lack DNA polymerases which can find and fix mistakes, and are therefore unable to conduct DNA repair of damaged genetic material.

Mutation rate
10-8 mutations per gene per individual per generation
We should see 7.5 × 106 mutant genes produced in one day. I would note that E. coli chemostats are generally run at dilution rates far faster than this.

The mutation rate varies greatly among species and even among genes of an individual. Mutations are caused by errors in DNA replication, chemicals, or radiation.

where u is the mutation rate, and Ne is the effective population size. From this it is possible to determine an upper limit to the number of possible alleles in a population, n as the inverse of the homozygosity: ...

The replication process of HIV is associated with a very high mutation rate because reverse transcription does not allow for correction of errors in nucleotide incorporation.

The virus has an extraordinarily high mutation rate, such that an infected individual often harbors many variations. This high mutation rate allows HIV to easily evolve resistance to the drugs used to treat it.

The purpose was to ask those working on the front lines of DNA analytical methods to address a specific technical question: could new methods permit direct detection of mutations, and more specifically could any increase in the mutation rate among ...

Mutation of DNA polymerase that increases the overall mutation rate.
Related Terms:
Mutation
The term which De Vries introduced into biological literature for an abrupt change of genotype which is inherited.

- A gene that increases the mutation rate of other genes in the same organism
Multigenic
- Many genes are involved in the expression of a trait.

Caretaker gene: A class of genes that when inactivated do not directly promote tumours; instead their inactivation results in genetic instabilities causing an increased mutation rate affecting all genes.

mutation pressure The constant resupplying of mutations to a gene pool due to a base mutation rate.

Temp peaks correspond to bursting of red blood cells
Anti-malarial drug chloroquine lowers fever; reduces number of parasites
Increasing resistance to the drug / combined drugs used
High mutation rate / memory cells or vaccines useless ...

There is also evidence for a higher than normal mutation rate due to defective repair of mismatches in sequence between DNA strands. Such defects also make it more likely that foreign DNA will be incorporated into the chromosome.

The rapid loss of memory helper T cells, and the inability to replace these cells leads to increasing immunodeficiency.
High mutation rates of HIV also allow virus to escape adaptive immune responses.

See also: Mutation, Organ, Biology, Trans, DNA