Nucleic Acids and the Genetic Material Problem Set 1
Problem 7: Transformation
Frederick Griffith accidentally discovered transformation when attempting to develop a vaccine for pneumonia.
Nucleic acids may be in the form of DNA or RNA molecules containing the genetic information important for all cellular functions and heredity.
coming together (annealling) of single-stranded nucleic acid sequences by hydrogen bonding of complementary bases to form double-stranded molecules; ...
Nucleic Acid
Nucleic acid is an important class of macromolecules found in all cells and viruses. The functions of nucleic acids have to do with the storage and expression of genetic information.
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
found chiefly in cytoplasm and nucleoli; may be involved in transmitting hereditary information from the nucleus to cytoplasm
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ...
Nucleic Acid - Just as in cells, the nucleic acid of each virus encodes the genetic information for the synthesis of all proteins.
nucleic acid -- class of biochemical compounds which includes DNA and RNA. They are among the largest molecules known. MORE?
nucleoid -- Region in prokaryotes where the DNA is concentrated. Unlike a nucleus, it is not bound by a membrane.
Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)
Public databases containing the complete nucleotide sequence of the human genome and those of selected model organisms will be one of the most useful products of the Human Genome Project.
Nucleic acid: a large molecule composed of repeating nucleotides
Nucleotide: A subunit of DNA or RNA composed of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate molecule, and a pentose sugar molecule.
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are made up of linear sequences of nucleotides. DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) is the genetic material of all cells.
Nucleic acid hybridization
Formation of a double-stranded molecule by base pairing between complementary or homologous polynucleotides.
Nucleoid
The condensed organization of a prokaryote chromosome inside the cell.
nucleic acid probe
In DNA technology, a labeled single-stranded nucleic acid molecule used to tag a specific nucleotide sequence in a nucleic acid sample.
nucleic acids Polymers composed of nucleotides; e.g., DNA and RNA.
nucleoid The area of the prokaryotic cytoplasm where the chromatin is localized.
Nucleic acid
A virus may employ either DNA or RNA as the nucleic acid. Rarely do they contain both, however cytomegalovirus is an exception to this, possessing a DNA core with several mRNA segments.[21] By far most viruses have RNA.
nucleic acid hybridization - coming together (annealling) of single-stranded nucleic acid sequences by hydrogen bonding of complementary bases to form double-stranded molecules; ...
Nucleic acids
DNA
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material. It functions by storing information regarding the sequence of amino acids in each of the body's proteins.
ribonucleic acid (RNA) Nucleic acid containing ribose sugar and the base Uracil; RNA functions in protein synthesis. The single starnded molecule transcribed from one strand of the DNA.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA): A chemical cousin of DNA, RNA (ribonucleic acid) is responsible for translating the genetic code of DNA into proteins.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): A class of RNA found in the ribosomes of cells.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
A chemical similar to a single strand of DNA. In RNA, the letter U, which stands for uracil, is substituted for T in the genetic code. RNA delivers DNA's genetic message to the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made.
Nucleic acid
- A biological molecule composed of a long chain of nucleotides. DNA is made of thousands of four different nucleotides repeated randomly.
Nucleolus ...
nucleic acid synthesis (it is converted into purines and thymidine) as well as
protein synthesis (precursor of the amino acids methionine and glycine)
However, ...
nucleic acid One of a class of molecules composed of joined nucleotides; chief types are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), found in cell nuclei (chromosomes) and mitochondria, and ribonucleic acid (RNA), ...
d) Nucleic Acids
Biochemistry is the discipline that studies the chemistry of life.
CARBOHYDRATES ...
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
A chemical found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells; it plays an important role in protein synthesis and other chemical activities of the cell. The structure of RNA is similar to that of DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
The molecule that encodes genetic information. DNA is a double-stranded molecule held together by weak bonds between base pairs of nucleotides.
The viral nucleic acid takes over and uses the host cells organelles to make many copies of the virus. In the case of DNA viruses, the DNA transcribes itself into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules that are then used to direct the ribosome.
Deoxyribonucleic acid. See DNA, nuclease.
Diabetes. A disease associated with the absence or reduced levels of insulin, a hormone essential for the transport of glucose to cells.
RNA, ribonucleic acid (RYE-bo-new-CLAY-ick) A molecule very similar to DNA that plays a key role in making proteins.
Deoxyribonucleic acid see DNA
Depth as in "depth of library". The average number of times any sequence, originally present in a single copy in the genome, will be represented in a genomic library.
DUPLEX - A nucleic acid molecule in which two strands are base paired with each other.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) the genetic code material‚ consisting of pairs of nitrogenous bases bonded to a "ladder" of phosphate and ribose molecules
(de = from‚ down‚ out; deoxy = without oxygen) ...
See ribonucleic acid.
Related Terms:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
A chemical found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells; it plays an important role in protein synthesis and other chemical activities of the cell.
Antisense Nucleic acid that has a sequence exactly opposite to an mRNA molecule made by the body; binds to the mRNA molecule to prevent a protein from being made.
See also: transcription ...
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): The genetic material of all cells and many viruses. The molecule that encodes genetic information. DNA is a double-stranded molecule held together by weak bonds between base pairs of nucleotides.
A single-stranded nucleic acid similar to DNA but having ribose sugar rather than deoxyribose sugar and uracil rather than thymine as one of the pyrimidine bases.
Also known as: ribonucleic acid ...
A short length of nucleic acid composed of between two to approximately 10 nucleotides.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid. The primary genetic material of a cell that makes up genes and chromosomes. See also genes, chromosome.
E ...
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): The large double-stranded molecule carrying the genetic code. It consists of four bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine), phosphate and ribose.
3' end/5' end: A nucleic acid strand is inherently directional, and the "5 prime end" has a free hydroxyl (or phosphate) on a 5' carbon and the "3 prime end" has a free hydroxyl (or phosphate) on a 3' carbon (carbon atoms in the sugar ring are ...
The coating of a protein that enclosed the nucleic acid core of a virus. Codon. A group of three nucleotides that specifies addition of one of the 20 amino acids during translation of an mRNA into a polypeptide.
Base sequence -- a partnership of organic bases found in DNA and RNA; adenine forms a base pair with thymine (or uracil) and guanine with cytosine in a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule.
5' or 3' end The nucleoside residues which form nucleic acids are joined by phosphodiester linkages between the 3' C atom of one ribose moiety and the 5' C atom of the next.
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid is the double-helix molecule holding the genetic information of organisms that, along with protein, composes the chromatin ...
Superoxide initiates oxidative damage to phospholipids, proteins and nucleic acids. This damage may be a major cause of degenerative disease and aging.
Southern blotting a type of nucleic acid hybridization test, in which single-stranded DNA from two sources interact. Strands with similar nucleic acid sequences will anneal by base pairing (A with T, and G with C) to form double-stranded molecules.
Chromosomes work with other nucleic acids in the cell to build proteins and help in cell division. You will most likely find mRNA in the nucleus with the DNA. tRNA is found outside of the nucleus in the cytosol.
A gene, when in use, is transcribed into RNA -- a nucleic acid similar to DNA. (RNA, like DNA, is made up of nucleotides although t he nucleotide uracil (U) is used in place of thymine (T).) The RNA transcribed from a gene is called messenger RNA.
An enzyme (protein) that's part of the human immunodeficiency virus reads the sequence of viral RNA nucleic acids that have entered the host cell and transcribes the sequence into a complementary DNA sequence.
Exonuclease An enzyme that digests nucleic acids from the ends of the molecule, rather than at an internal site; exonucleases can be specific for digestion from the 3' or 5' ends of the nucleic acid.
nucleotides - serve as building blocks for the construction of nucleic acids. Nucleoside with one or more phosphate group joined in ester linkages to the sugar moiety. DNA andRNA are polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotide Y nucleoside.
Endonuclease enzyme digests nucleic acids starting in the middle of the strand.
Related
Exonuclease Restriction enzyme ...
viroid. A portion of infectious nucleic acid, without the protein coat of a virus.
virulence. The relative infectiousness of a bacteria or virus, or its ability to overcome the resistance of the host metabolism.
All organisms pass on their heredity via the genetic material which is based upon the nucleic acid DNA using a universal genetic code.
lag phase
The stage of growth of microbial cells in which nucleic acids and proteins are synthesized, but in which there is no cell division.
These basophil granules have been named chromatin or basichromatin and owe their staining properties to the presence of nucleic acid.
 See also: DNA, Protein, Molecule, Sequence, Trans
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