Nucleic Acids and the Genetic Material Problem Set 1
Problem 7: Transformation
Frederick Griffith accidentally discovered transformation when attempting to develop a vaccine for pneumonia.
Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)
Public databases containing the complete nucleotide sequence of the human genome and those of selected model organisms will be one of the most useful products of the Human Genome Project.
nucleic acids Polymers composed of nucleotides; e.g., DNA and RNA.
nucleoid The area of the prokaryotic cytoplasm where the chromatin is localized.
Nucleic acids. The two nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are made up of long chains of molecules called nucleotides. See DNA, RNA, Nucleotides.
Nucleic acids
DNA
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material. It functions by storing information regarding the sequence of amino acids in each of the body's proteins.
[edit] Nucleic acids
The convention for a nucleic acid sequence is to list the nucleotides as they occur from the 5' end to the 3' end of the polymer chain, ...
Nucleic acids may be in the form of DNA or RNA molecules containing the genetic information important for all cellular functions and heredity.
Nucleic acids are made up of linear sequences of nucleotides. DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) is the genetic material of all cells.
d) Nucleic Acids
Biochemistry is the discipline that studies the chemistry of life.
CARBOHYDRATES ...
The nucleic acids, both DNA and RNA, consist of polymers of nucleotides. The nucleotides are linked covalently between the 3' carbon atom of the pentose and the phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of the adjacent pentose.
Nucleic acids are polymers composed of monomer units known as nucleotides. There are a very few different types of nucleotides.
In the formation of nucleic acids, the requirement that adenine must always pair with thymine (or uracil) and guanine with cytosine.
basidium pl. basidia ...
gel electrophoresis the process by which nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) or proteins are separated by size according to movement of the charged molecules in an electrical field.
5' or 3' end The nucleoside residues which form nucleic acids are joined by phosphodiester linkages between the 3' C atom of one ribose moiety and the 5' C atom of the next.
Polymerase, DNA or RNA Enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of nucleic acids on preexisting nucleic acid templates, assembling RNA from ribonucleotides or DNA from deoxyribonucleotides.
Prior to Prusiner's insight, all known pathogens (bacteria, viruses, etc.) contained nucleic acids that are necessary for reproduction.
So they're actually made of polymers of strings of repeating units, and the two most famous of the nucleic acids, that you've heard about, are DNA and RNA. And nucleic acids in the cell act to actually store information.
Superoxide initiates oxidative damage to phospholipids, proteins and nucleic acids. This damage may be a major cause of degenerative disease and aging.
Another advantage of molecular data is that all known life is based on nucleic acids; thus, studies involving any type of taxa can use DNA sequence data. Some genes or regions of genes evolve quickly.
(1986) Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 811.
New England Biolabs (unpublished observations)
George, J., Blakesley, R. W. and Chirikjian, J. G. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6521.
Polisky, B. et al. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 72, 3310.
Kuz'min, N. P.
Nuclease: An enzyme which degrades nucleic acids. A nuclease can be DNA-specific (a DNase), RNA-specific (RNase) or non-specific.
Chromosomes work with other nucleic acids in the cell to build proteins and help in cell division. You will most likely find mRNA in the nucleus with the DNA. tRNA is found outside of the nucleus in the cytosol.
ETHIDIUM BROMIDE - Intercalates within the structure of nucleic acids in such a way that they fluoresce under UV light. Ethidium bromide staining is commonly used to visualize RNA or DNA in agarose gels placed on UV light boxes.
Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of nucleic acids on preexisting nucleic acid templates, assembling DNA from deoxyribonucleotides. Cf. RNA polymerase.
Related Terms:
Enzyme ...
Nucleic acids are conveniently labelled by incorporating radioactive isotopes of phosphorous (32P or 33P) into their sugar phosphate backbones, proteins may be labelled by incorporating a radioactive isotope of sulphur (35S)into methionine residues.
An enzyme (protein) that's part of the human immunodeficiency virus reads the sequence of viral RNA nucleic acids that have entered the host cell and transcribes the sequence into a complementary DNA sequence.
It is used to describe the non-sugar components of nucleotides (despite the basic nature of nucleotides, nucleic acids are acidic due to the phosphate atoms they contain).
- Large, complex molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates, that are produced only by living organisms. Biological molecules are often referred to as macromolecules or biopolymers.
Bioprocessing ...
adenine A purine base; component of nucleotides and nucleic acids. A nitrogen base found in both DNA and RNA.
adenohypophysis An endocrine gland.
adenophorea The class of nematodes formerly called Aphasmidia. Examples: Trichinella, Trichuris.
DNA polymerase
Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of nucleic acids on preexisting nucleic acid templates, assembling DNA from deoxyribonucleotides. Cf. RNA polymerase.
Nucleic acid
A large molecule composed of nucleotide subunits.
nucleotides - serve as building blocks for the construction of nucleic acids. Nucleoside with one or more phosphate group joined in ester linkages to the sugar moiety. DNA andRNA are polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotide Y nucleoside.
Pyrimidine: A nitrogen containing, single ring compound that occurs in nucleic acids. In DNA molecules, the pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine.
Radioactive phosphorus (32P): radioactive isotope of 31P, an element found in DNA molecules.
nucleotide -- unit from which nucleic acids are constructed by polymerization. It contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic base. ATP is a nucleotide.
a pyrimidine component of nucleotides and nucleic acids
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby
...
Endonuclease enzyme digests nucleic acids starting in the middle of the strand.
Related
Exonuclease Restriction enzyme ...
Intercalating dye
A dye which can insert between the bases of nucleic acids (e.g. ethidium bromide and acridine dyes. Intercalating dyes may be used to stain DNA or to induce frameshift mutation.
Pyrimidine: A nitrogen- containing, double- ring, basic compound that occurs in nucleic acids. The pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine and thymine; in RNA, cytosine and uracil.
R
Rare- cutter enzyme: See restriction enzyme cutting site.
Exonuclease An enzyme that digests nucleic acids from the ends of the molecule, rather than at an internal site; exonucleases can be specific for digestion from the 3' or 5' ends of the nucleic acid.
Molecular biology: A general term referring to study of the structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids in biological systems. See Biotechnology for the 21st Century: New Horizons for more information.
lag phase
The stage of growth of microbial cells in which nucleic acids and proteins are synthesized, but in which there is no cell division.
One theory speculates that substances vented into the air by volcanic eruptions were bombarded by lightning and ultraviolet radiation, producing larger, more stable molecules such as amino acids and nucleic acids.
 See also: Acids, Nucleic acid, DNA, Protein, Molecule
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