plasmid
a circular bacterial DNA molecule that replicates autonomously; often used in recombinant DNA work
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ...
Plasmid
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Plasmid
A plasmid is a small, often circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and other cells. Plasmids are separate from the bacterial chromosome and replicate independently of it.
(a) Cloning DNA in Plasmids.
By fragmenting DNA of any origin (human, animal, or plant) and inserting it in the DNA of rapidly reproducing foreign cells, billions of copies of a single gene or DNA segment can be produced in a very short time.
Plasmids
Electron micrograph of an E. coli cell ruptured to release its DNA. The tangle is a portion of a single DNA molecule containing over 4.6 million base pairs encoding approximately 4,300 genes. The small circlets are plasmids.
Plasmids
The host bacterium takes up the plasmid, which includes the foreign gene.
When the bacteria reproduces, the plasmids are also reproduced. The gene is cloned.
Plasmid
A molecule of extrachromosomal DNA existing as an autonomous replicon in the cytoplasm. Most plasmids are covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA, although examples of linear plasmids are known.
plasmid -- Circular loop of DNA in prokaryotes. Eukaryotic DNA is organized into chromosomes.
plasmodesmata -- Cytoplasmic connections between neighboring cells in plant tissues.
Plasmid: A circular DNA molecule capable of replication in bacteria. Plasmids are the usual means of propagation of DNA for transfection or other purposes.
Pleiotropy: A phenomenon whereby a particular gene affects multiple traits.
plasmids Self-replicating, circular DNA molecules found in bacterial cells; often used as vectors in recombinant DNA technology. Small circles of double-stranded DNA found in some bacteria. Plasmids can carry from four to 20 genes.
plasmid
(plaz-mid)
A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome. Also found in some eukaryotes, such as yeast.
plasmodesma pl. plasmodesmata ...
plasmid An autonomously replicating, circular DNA molecule of bacteria that is independent of the chromosomal DNA. Used to clone small DNA fragments (ca.5 kb).
Plasmid A short circular DNA sequence which is replicated within a host bacterium (or yeast) and which usually confers a selective advantage (such as antibiotic resistance) to the host.
plasmid - circular double-stranded DNA molecule found in bacteria; artificially engineered plasmids are used as cloning vectors.
Plasmid (p). A circular DNA molecule, capable of autonomous replication, which typically carries one or more genes encoding antibiotic resistance proteins.
Plasmids
A structure composed of DNA that is separate from the cell's genome. In bacteria, plasmids confer a variety of traits and can be exchanged between individuals - even those of different species.
Plasmids Circular duplex DNA molecules that replicate autonomously and act as accessory chromosomes in bacteria; they carry useful genes but are disposable under certain conditions.
Plasmids are passed on to other bacteria through two means. For most plasmid types, copies in the cytoplasm are passed on to daughter cells during binary fission.
Plasmids can carry up to 20,000 bp of foreign DNA. Besides bacterial plasmids, some other cloning vectors include viruses, bacteria artificial chromosomes (BACs), and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs).
Plasmid or retrovirus vectors are stably integrated into the genome of tissue culture cells, resulting in the stable expression of transfected genes.
Plasmid
- A small, circular piece of DNA found outside the chromosome in bacteria. Plasmids are the principal tools for inserting new genetic information into microorganisms or plants.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ...
Plasmids are small DNA fragments known from almost all bacterial cells. These plasmids may carry between two and thirty genes. Some plasmids seem to have the ability to move in and out of the bacterial chromosome.
Plasmids are little pieces of circular DNA that are passed from bacterium to bacterium. Plasmids can be transferred across species lines.
PLASMID - An extrachromosomal,usually circular, double-stranded DNA which is capable of replication within a cell, and which usually contains and expresses genes encoding resistance to antibiotics.
Plasmid: A circular piece of DNA present in bacteria or isolated from bacteria.
plasmid A small circle of DNA that may be carried by a bacterium in addition to its genomic DNA.
plasmodesma A cytoplasmic strand that connects adjacent plant cells through pores in the cell wall.
plasmodium Multinucleate ameboid mass, syncytial.
The F-plasmid (also called F-factor) is an episome (a plasmid that can integrate itself into the bacterial chromosome by genetic recombination) of about 100 kb (kilo base pairs) length. It carries its own origin of replication, called oriV.
It is plasmids in liquid with a formulation such as local anesthetic or a microbead to get it across the outer membrane and get it taken up by cells in a more efficient way. The delivery of plasmids actually has another advantage.
mRNA and plasmid DNA
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens: A soil bacterium that causes a cancer-like plant disease (crown gall) in dicotyledenous plants (all agricultural crops except cereals). It contains the Ti plasmid.
A vector (e.g. a plasmid) constructed in such a way that it can replicate in at least two different host species (eg a prokaryote and a eukaryote). A DNA recombined into such a vector can be tested or manipulated in several cell types.
The pPla (= pPCP) plasmid of Y. pst encodes a plasminogen activator which is important (but not essential for) subcutaneous dissemination allowing better movement of the bacterium through the circulatory system of the infected individual.
In DNA cloning, the plasmid or phage chromosome used to carry the cloned DNA segment.
During extraction of plasmid DNA from the bacterial cell, one strand of the DNA becomes nicked. This relaxes the torsional strain needed to maintain supercoiling, producing the familiar form of plasmid. (See Plasmid.) NIH.
Cosmids -- plasmid vectors designed for cloning large fragments of eukaryotic DNA; the vector is a plasmid into which phage lambda cohesive end sites have been inserted. CpG islands -- areas of multiple CG repeats in DNA.
DNA molecule originating from a virus, a plasmid, or the cell of a higher organism into which another DNA fragment of appropriate size can be integrated without loss of the vectors capacity for self-replication; ...
Often seem to be coded for by plasmids that confer conjugative potential on the host, in the case of the f plasmid, the f pili are 8-9nm diameter and several microns long, composed of pilin.
Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotic action by acquiring changes in their DNA (mutations) or by acquiring plasmids (rather like viruses) which carry antibiotic resistance genes.
bacteriophage, bacteria, virus, plasmid, transfection
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Gene mapping
Determination of the relative positions of genes on a DNA molecule (chromosome or plasmid) and of the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between them.
animal carrying a microorganism pathogenic for members of another species; the vector may or may not be essential for the completion of the life cycle of the pathogenic microorganism. Also, the vehicle for cloning, typically a DNA molecule (plasmid ...
 See also: DNA, Cells, Trans, Sequence, Bacteria
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