Polyploidy in plants
Polyploidy is very common in plants, especially in angiosperms. From 30% to 70% of today's angiosperms are thought to be polyploid. Species of coffee plant with 22, 44, 66, and 88 chromosomes are known.
Polyploidy is the condition of some biological cells and organisms manifested by the presence of more than two homologous sets of chromosomes.
polyploidy
the condition in which the number of chromosome sets in an individual or cell is three or more times the haploid set; 3n, 4n, etc.
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ...
a polypoid outgrowth of both epidermis and dermal fibrovascular tissue, common terminology for any small benign cutaneous lesion.
Synonym: acrochordon, fibroepithelial polyp, fibroma molle, senile fibroma, soft wart.
Inositol polyphosphate kinases: regulators of nuclear function
Andrew M. Seeds * and John D. York1*† ...
polyphyletic -- Term applied to a group of organisms which does not include the most recent common ancestor of those organisms; the ancestor does not possess the character shared by members of the group. More?
Polypeptide: A molecule made up of a stri ng of amino acids. A protein is an example of a polypeptide.
Proteins: The active molecules in all cells. Proteins control biochemical reactions and determine the physical structure of organisms.
polypeptide chain - a chain of peptides or amino acids. A polypeptide chain usually consists of 100 or fewer amino acids. A protein is made up of one or several polypeptide chains. [Source: BioTech's Life Science Dictionary] ...
polyp
(pol-ip) [Gk. polus, many + pous, foot]
The sessile variant of the cniderian body plan. The alternate form is the medusa.
polypeptide ...
polyploidy Abnormal variation in the number of chromosome sets. The condition when a cell or organism has more than the customary two sets of chromosomes.
Polypeptide chain The chain of aminoacids joined by peptide bonds which is the primary product of the translation of the mRNA of a gene.
Polyploid Having more than the normal two haploid sets of chromosomes.
Polypeptide (protein). A polymer composed of multiple amino acid units linked by peptide bonds.
Polyploid. A multiple of the haploid chromosome number that results from chromosome replication without nuclear division.
polyphagous - capable of subsisting on many kinds of food; applied to insects that can feed on plants from several plant families ...
polyp
The asexual reproducing, normally sedentary form of coelenterates such as the sea anemone.
Polypetalous term used to refer to a plant with un-united flower parts attached to the receptacle
(poly = many; petal = a leaf‚ spread out‚ flat) ...
Polyploidy
Polyploidy is a condition in which there is more than 2 sets of chromosomes.
Triploids (3N), tetraploids (4N), pentaploids (5N) etc. are polyploids.
Polypeptide A series of amino acids, each connected to the next in the series by a peptide bond.
[edit] Polypeptides
The convention for a polypeptide is to list its constituent amino acid residues as they occur from the amino terminus to the carboxylic acid terminus. The amino acid residues are always joined by peptide bonds.
Polypeptide
A long chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Cf. peptide.
Related Terms:
Amino acid
Any of a class of 20 molecules that are combined to form proteins in living things.
Polyploid
Having three or more (Gk. polys, many) sets of homologous chromosomes. The term was introduced by Strasburger (1910) by analogy with his earlier terms haploid and diploid.
-fold Greek prefix
1 ...
Polypeptide
Peptide containing more than approximately 20 'peptide linked' amino acid residues.
Polyp. An individual of a solitary coelenterate or one member of a coelenterate colony
Polyphyletic. Refers to a group of species that do not have one common ancestor species
Population density. Number of individuals per unit area or volume ...
Polypeptide is the name given to a chain of amino acids synthesized from one mRNA. The term polypeptide refers to the fact that amino acids are linked by what is called a peptide bond and, of course, poly means many.
Polyploidy and hybridization are important speciation mechanisms in plants. Whereas animals tend to be unisexual, plants often have both sexes functional in the same individual.
POLYPEPTIDE - See PEPTIDE.
pre-mRNA - An RNA molecule which is transcribed from chromosomal DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, ...
polyp Individual of the phylum Cnidaria, generally adapted for attachment to the substratum at the aboral end, often form colonies.
polypeptide A molecule consisting of many joined amino acids, not as complex as a protein.
A polypeptide 10 amino acids long is split into various smaller fragments, and the amino acid sequences of some of the fragments are determined.
A polyploid formed from the doubling of a single genome. Polyploidy in which all the chromosomes come from the same species.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...
Coral polyp: a small individual coral animal with a tube-shaped body and a mouth surrounded by tentacles.
protein - polypeptide chain which serves a structural or enzymatic role or other role in the cell.
replicated chromosomes - chromosomes which have undergone DNA replication and contain two sister chromatids.
A polypeptide secreted by bacteria which inhibit or prevent the growth of related bacteria which lack the corresponding colicin immunity proteins. Colicins are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids first found in E. coli (e.g.
A DNA sequence that codes for a specific polypeptide; a gene. See DNA, Gene. Clone. An exact genetic replica of a specific gene or an entire organism. See Cloning. Cloning.
FAP familial adenomatous polyposis coli
FASEB Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
FCM flow cytometry
FEBS Feb. of Eur. Biochem. Soc.
FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
FRAXA fragile X locus ...
N- or C-terminal The amino acids which form polypeptides are joined by peptide bonds between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxy group of the next.
While determining the polypeptide sequence resulting from gene translation is straightforward, determining the actual three-dimensional (3D) structure requires some sophisticated experimental techniques.
Speciation through hybridization and/or polyploidy has long been considered much less important in animals than in plants [[[refs.]]]. A number of reviews suggest that this view may be mistaken.
When viral RNA is translated into a polypeptide sequence, that sequence is assembled in a long chain that includes several individual proteins (reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase).
Proteins consist of one or more chains of amino acids called polypeptides. The sequence of the amino acid chain causes the polypeptide to fold into a shape that is biologically active. The amino acid sequences of proteins are encoded in the genes.
- The process of biosynthesis of a polypeptide chain using genetic instructions from the mRNA
Transposon
- A mobile genetic element that can move from one location in the gene and reinsert at another site.
"Blueprint" for protein synthesis that is transcribed from one strand of the DNA (gene) and which is translated at the ribosome into a polypeptide sequence.
The shape is generally called a polyp form. Yes, even coral have that going on. When you think of a coral, you are probably thinking of a hard thing. That hard exoskeleton is what is left of the coral after it dies.
Insulin (a small protein having two polypeptide chains) and immunoglobulin molecules, for example, have interchain and intrachain disulfide bonds. Endothelin and HLA molecules also have disulfide bonds.
translation - process whereby mRNA code is used by the ribosome to synthesize a polypeptide chain (protein) from amino acid precursors.
transposable element - see transposon ...
disulfide bond - covalent intrachain bonds found in protein molecules; covalent linking of two -SH groups of neighboring cysteine residues in a folded polypeptide chain. These bonds are rarely, if ever found in the cytosol.
There are 20 amino acids in nature from which all proteins are built. Polymers constructed by two or more amino acids, joined by peptide bonds, are called polypeptides.
A single ribosome in a eukaryotic cell can add 2 amino acids to a protein chain every second. In prokaryotes, ribosomes can work even faster, adding about 20 amino acids to a polypeptide every second.
 See also: Protein, Organ, Trans, Cells, Proteins
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