pseudogene
an inactive gene that usually originated from an active gene
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ...
Pseudogene
A pseudogene is a DNA sequence that resembles a gene but has been mutated into an inactive form over the course of evolution.
Pseudogene
An inactive gene derived from an ancestral active gene. Pseudogenes are often recognized by nonsense or frameshift mutations that disrupt an open reading frame that encodes a functional protein in a related genome.
pseudogene A sequence of DNA that is very similar to a normal gene but that has been altered slightly so it is not expressed.
Pseudogene A DNA sequence which resembles a gene but which has been inactivated by mutation so that it cannot produce a functional product.
Pseudogene A sequence of DNA similar to a gene but nonfunctional; probably the remnant of a once-functional gene that accumulated mutations.
Pseudogenes Sequences of DNA that resemble actual genes but do not encode functional products.
PSEUDOGENE - Inactive but stable components of the genome which derived by duplication and mutation of an ancestral, active gene. Pseudogenes can serve as the donor sequence in gene conversion events.
a pseudogene
All of these genes have similar amino acid sequences due to their evolution from the same ancestral gene.
Some families of genes contain hundreds of genes.
Processed pseudogenes are DNA copies of mRNAs produced by reverse transcription. They lack introns and often contain a remnant of the poly(A) tail.
"Studying genomes through the aeons: protein families, pseudogenes and proteome evolution". J Mol Biol 318 (5): 1155-74. PMID 12083509.
^ Orengo CA, Thornton JM (2005). "Protein families and their evolution-a structural perspective". Annu.
The genome of eukaryotes is loaded with 'dead genes' called pseudogenes. Pseudogenes are copies of working genes that have been inactivated by mutation. Most pseudogenes do not produce full proteins. They may be transcribed, but not translated.
And so we sequenced a whole bunch of these pseudogenes of individual humans and great apes, and sure enough we found that the human pseudo gene had many, many more mutations.
Over evolutionary time, if the function of the new variant remains identical to the original, then it is likely that one or the other will be lost as mutations accumulate, resulting in a pseudogene.
In a non-functional pseudogene, there will be no discrimination between them and equal numbers of dn and ds are expected (dn/ds=1).
Reverse transcription now appears also to be involved in movement of certain mobile genetic elements, such as the Ty plasmid in yeast, in the replication of other viruses such as hepatitis B and possibly in the generation of mammalian pseudogenes.
 See also: Human, Trans, Protein, Organ, Genome
  
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