Exonic splicing silencer
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Silencers
Silencers are control regions of DNA that, like enhancers, may be located thousands of base pairs away from the gene they control. However, when transcription factors bind to them, expression of the gene they control is repressed.
Distant regulatory elements, such as enhancers, silencers, and insulators, are experimentally difficult to identify.
Promoters represent critical elements that can work in concert with other regulatory regions (enhancers, silencers, boundary elements /insulators) to direct the level of transcription of a given gene.
Promoter sequences ...
might be found in the vicinity of genes, and would be involved in activating transcription of that gene (promoter elements), in enhancing the transcription of that gene (enhancer elements), or in reducing the transcription of that gene (silencers).
function without any promoter activity of its own. They are located 10 to 50 kb downstream or upstream of a gene. They may be tissue-specific. The enhancer effect is mediated through sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins (see also silencer).
 See also: Enhancer, DNA, Sequence, Express, Human
  
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