Substitution
Substitution is a type of mutation where one base pair is replaced by a different base pair. The term also refers to the replacement of one amino acid in a protein with a different amino acid.
Narration Transcription ...
base-pair substitution
a mutational event in which one base pair substitutes for another
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ...
Substitution Editing: chemical alteration of individual nucleotides (the equivalent of point mutations).
These alterations are catalyzed by enzymes that recognize a specific target sequence of nucleotides (much like restriction enzymes): ...
substitution A type of mutation in which one base is substituted for another.
substrate feeders Animals such as earthworms or termites that eat the soil or wood through which they burrow.
substitution Replacement of one nucleotide sequence by another nucleotide or one amino acid in a protein by another amino acid. Also known as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
Substitution In genetics, a type of mutation due to replacement of one nucleotide in a DNA sequence by another nucleotide or replacement of one amino acid in a protein by another amino acid.
See also: mutation ...
Base substitution mutation
A mutation resulting in the replacement of one base for a different base.
FREEZE SUBSTITUTION
A procedure in which, at low temperature, the cellular water of, for example, cryofixed material is replaced by a series of organic solvents, including chemical fixative.
Amino acid substitution - (e.g. D111E) The first letter is the one letter code of the wildtype amino acid, ...
base-pair substitution
A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner from the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
base-pairing principle ...
- A base-pair substitution mutation resulting in the replacement of one purine by another purine or of one pyrimidine by another pyrimidine
Translation
- The process of biosynthesis of a polypeptide chain using genetic instructions from the mRNA ...
Conservative substitutions Mutations that replace one amino acid with another similar in size and chemical properties.
The lipid binding properties of apolipoprotein (apo) AIMilano, a molecular variant of human apolipoprotein AI, characterized by the Arg173----Cys substitution, was investigated by the use of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes.
dn/ds ratio: In molecular phylogenetic studies, the ratio of the number of non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions to the number of synonymous nucleotide substitutions.
The most common types of altered activity are single base substitutions, truncation of the outer bases in the recognition sequence, and single-strand nicking (10). Early studies with EcoR I by Polisky et al.
The OH group is not a good leaving group for nucleophilic substitution reactions, so neutral alcohols do not react in such reactions.
The term proposed by Freese (1959) for a mutation caused by the substitution in DNA or RNA of one purine by the other, and similarly with the pyrimidines. (Cf. transversion.)
Related Terms:
Mutation ...
Example for a single nucleotide substitution:
Rice cultivars with 18% or less amylose had the sequence AGTTATA at the putative leader intron 5' splice site, while all cultivars with ahigher proportion of amylose had AGGTATA.
(Science: chemistry) Containing substitutions or replacements; having been subjected to the process of substitution, or having some of its parts replaced; as, alcohol is a substituted water; methyl amine is a substituted ammonia.
Three kinds of point mutations can occur. A mutation that results in an amino acid substitution is called a missense mutation.
A mutation that results in a stop codon so that incomplete proteins are produced, it is called a nonsense mutation.
mutation Any heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA; can involve substitutions, insertions, or deletions of one or more nucleotides.
mutation rate The average occurrence of mutations in a species per a given unit of time.
This is called a synonymous mutation or silent mutation; non-synonymous substitutions do cause a change in the amino acid. About half of all SNPs in genes are non-synonymous and therefore can account for diversity between individuals or populations.
Coding strand Within a gene, this is the DNA strand which has the same sequence of bases as the primary transcript (with the substitution of T for U obviously). It is also called the sense strand.
point mutations A change in the structure of a gene that usually arises from the addition, deletion, or substitution of one or more nitrogenous bases.
 See also: DNA, Sequence, Gene, Organ, Protein
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