Transcription is the process by which genetic information from DNA is transferred into RNA. DNA sequence is enzymatically copied by RNA polymerase to produce a complementary nucleotide RNA strand.
Transformation has two meanings in molecular biology:
Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the introduction, uptake and expression of foreign DNA.
Transitional Vertebrate Fossils FAQ
wrote this FAQ as a reference for answering the "there aren't any transitional fossils" statement that pops up on talk.origins several times each year.
Transformation
For bacteria and yeasts, transformation refers to the techniques of introducing plasmid or other vectors into a host cell.
Transgenic Animals
A transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome. The foreign gene is constructed using recombinant DNA methodology.
translocation
transfer of soluble materials through the sieve tubes of the phloem of vascular plants; the exchange of parts of chromosomes
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ...
Translation - Details
A mature mRNA transcript, a ribosome, several tRNA molecules and amino acids are shown. There is a specific tRNA for each of the 20 different amino acids.
Below: A ribosome attaches to the mRNA transcript.
transportase --> transport protein
(Science: protein) A class of transmembrane protein that allows substances to cross plasma membranes far faster than would be possible by diffusion alone.
The transport proteins integrated into the cell membrane are often highly selective about the chemicals they allow to cross.
Search for transcription in these other databases too
Definition of transcription :
verb form = transcribe ...
Transgenic
Transgenic means that one or more DNA sequences from another species have been introduced by artificial means.
Transposons have also been described as a sort of wrangler; they can bring multiple resistance genes into a single plasmid. How do they do that?
Translation: RNA >>> Proteins
>
There are only 9 genes in the HIV RNA.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT - TAKING THE EASY ROAD
While active transport requires energy and work, passive transport does not. There are several different types of this easy movement of molecules.
The transcription of a DNA molecule into mRNA molecules, and the subsequent translation of the mRNA molecules into polypeptides, within a laboratory mixture which contains ribosomes, enzymes, and all of the necessary components.
STDs are transmitted by exchange of body fluids or by direct contact with the infected area. It is also believed that most sexually transmitted diseases facilitate the transmission of HIV infection.
Chapter 19
Translocation of the cell-penetrating Tat peptide across artificial bilayers and into living cells
Paul Curnow1,3, Harry Mellor, David J. Stephens, Mark Lorch2 and Paula J. Booth3 ...
Transverse Carpal Ligament (ligamentum carpi transversum; anterior annular ligament) (Figs. 421, 422).
Transcription terminator
A nucleotide sequence that acts as a signal for termination of transcription.
Transfer Activities at DOE Centers
One mission of the DOE Human Genome Centers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), ...
transduction -- Viral transfer of DNA to new host.
transgression -- (n) A rise in sea level relative to the land.
tree -- Any tall plant, including many conifers and flowering plants, as well as extinct lycophytes and sphenophytes.
transgenic
[L. trans, across + formare, to shape]
Having artificially altered genetic material.
translation The synthesis of protein on a template of messenger RNA; consists of three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Making of a polypeptide sequence by translating the genetic code of an mRNA molecule associated with a ribosome.
Transfer RNA (tRNA): A class of RNA that carries amino acids into ribosomes and bonds with mRNA for protein production.
Translation: The process by which RNA makes proteins.
tRNA: See Transfer RNA.
Transformed (Bt-transformed): Transfer and expression of a gene (e.g., for Bt toxin) into another organism.
Transcription The process of copying information from genes (made of DNA) into messenger RNA.
Translation The process of making proteins based on genetic information encoded in messenger RNA. Translation occurs in ribosomes.
Transgenic: Containing genes altered by insertion of DNA from an unrelated organism. Taking genes from one species and inserting them into another species to get that trait expressed in the offspring.
Transfer RNA (tRNA): A class of RNA having structures with triplet nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the triplet nucleotide coding sequences of mRNA.
transposable element - see transposon
transposon - mobile segment of DNA capable of "hopping" into or out of chromosomal DNA; ...
transposon insertion Transposable elements (transposons) include a diverse class of DNA sequences that are capable of inserting, excising and relocating into chromosomal or extrachromosomal DNA.
translocated herbicide. Herbicide that is able to move throughout a plant after being applied to leaf surfaces.
transpiration. The evaporation of water vapor from plants, mostly through stomata.
Transfection Transfer of DNA (usually of a gene) into a cultured cell where it can be expressed.
Transgenic animal An animal (nearly always a mouse) into the genome of which a foreign gene has been introduced.
Transect: A straight line placed on the ground along which ecological measurements are taken.
Transformation. In prokaryotes, the natural or induced uptake and expression of a foreign DNA sequence--typically a recombinant plasmid in experimental systems.
transverse - positioned from side to side
trap crop - a managed plant population maintained to differentially attract target pests so that they will cause less damage in the crop grown for profit ...
transverse
Lying or placed across or crosswise
traverse muscles
Fibers run ventrally and slightly posteriorly, originates from cartilage of the floating ribs, the lumbar vertebrae and the border of the ilium and inserts on the linea alba.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
RNA molecules which bond with amino acids and transfer them to ribosomes, where protein synthesis is completed.
Source : PhRMA Genomics
Transgenic ...
Gene transfer Incorporation of new DNA into and organism's cells, usually by a vector such as a modified virus. Used in gene therapy.
See also: mutation, gene therapy, vector ...
Group-transfer reaction A reaction in which a chemical group is transferred from one molecule to another.
Guanylate cyclase An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of cgmp, a second messenger, from GTP.
Gustation The sense of taste.
Transduction
Gene transfer from one cell to another brought about by a virus.
Transposon (Tn)
DNA elements carrying genes for transposition and other genetic functions. The former genes enable those elements to move from one site on a chromosome to another.
Transfer RNA/tRNA
- Special RNA molecules that are associated with specific amino acids to form aminoacyl-tRNAs. They transfer their amino acids to growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis
Transformation ...
Transcriptase
enzymes involved in the production of single stranded RNA complementary to one strand of DNA or, rarely, RNA ...
Transport
H2 O and nutrients from the intestine to the cells or to a storage site.
O2 from the respiratory organ to the cells and CO2 from the cells back to the respiratory organ.
hormones from endocrine glands.
transition state - structure that forms transiently in the course of a chemical reaction and has the highest free energy of any reaction intermediate; a rate-limiting step in the
reaction.
transducer A receptor that converts one form of energy into another.
transduction. Condition in which bacterial DNA (and the genetic characteristics it bears) is transferred from one bacterium to another by the agent of viral infection.
TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION REACTION - An in vitro series of reactions, involving the synthesis (transcription) of an mRNA from a plasmid (usually with T7 or SP6 RNA polymerase), ...
Transcription factor: A protein which is involved in the transcription of genes. These usually bind to DNA as part of their function (but not necessarily).
DNA Transcription
Translation
Programmed Cell Death
Genetics
Genetics is the study of heredity or inheritance. Genetics helps to explain how traits are passed from parents to their young.
The transference of energy, its storage and its function in the living beings depend on substances and chemical reactions. For that reason, Biology is strongly related to Chemistry.
Electron Transport Chain a system of electron carriers embedded into the inner membrane of a mitochondrion to transfer energy from electrons to O2 to form water ...
MT Machine Translation
MTPE Mission to Planet Earth
NABIN North American Biodiversity Information Network ...
Back translation Use of the experimentally determined amino acid sequence of part or all of a polypeptide to determine the theoretical nucleic acid base sequence(s) which could code for it. This is normally done using a computer programme.
However, depending upon a number of factors, including the exact composition of the bilayer and temperature, plasma membranes can undergo phase transitions which render their molecules less dynamic and produce a more gel-like or nearly solid ...
Complementary (copy) DNA (cDNA): Single-stranded DNA produced from an RNA template (usually mRNA) by reverse transcriptase in vitro. It lacks the introns present in corresponding genomic DNA.
How are messages transmitted along your nervous system? Interestingly enough, messages travel from your brain to your various body parts via electricity, in much the same way cable television signals travel from the cable company to your house, ...
The inclusion or exclusion of different exons to form different mRNA transcripts. (See RNA.) Amino acid. Any of 20 basic building blocks of proteins-- composed of a free amino (NH2) end, a free carboxyl (COOH) end, and a side group (R).
Charcot-Marie Tooth disease -- a condition characterized by degeneration of the motor and sensory nerves that control movement and feeling in the arm below the elbow and the leg below the knee; transmitted in autosomal dominant, ...
Dispersal (sensu ecology): the transport of propagules away from the parent. Diversity: a) the total number of species present;
b) some index which incorporates both the number of species and the relative abundance of each.
Lamarck, the founder of Evolution: his life and work with translations of his writings on organic evolution. New York: Longmans, Green.. ISBN 0405125623.
^ The Complete Works of Darwin Online - Biography. darwin-online.org.uk.
 See also: Cells, Site, Human, Organ, Protein
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