Trans

Transcription and mRNA processing occur in the nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane. After the mature mRNA transcript is produced, it moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear membrane.

Transcription factors are proteins that directly regulate the gene transcription machinery. Other Resources PubMed Google ...

Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA), first hypothesized by Francis Crick, is a small RNA chain (73-93 nucleotides) that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.

Transgenic sheep and goats have been produced that express foreign proteins in their milk. Transgenic chickens are now able to synthesize human proteins in the "white" of the eggs.

Transcription factor In molecular biology, a transcription factor is a protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region or site, where it regulates transcription. Full article ...

translocation transfer of soluble materials through the sieve tubes of the phloem of vascular plants; the exchange of parts of chromosomes Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ...

transportase --> transport protein (Science: protein) A class of transmembrane protein that allows substances to cross plasma membranes far faster than would be possible by diffusion alone.

Transitional Vertebrate Fossils FAQ wrote this FAQ as a reference for answering the "there aren't any transitional fossils" statement that pops up on talk.origins several times each year.

trans conformation In a heterozygote involving two mutant sites (ab) within a gene or gene cluster, the arrangement, Ab/aB. See cis conformation A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...

transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy transtracheal transurethral resection of the prostate ...

The transport proteins integrated into the cell membrane are often highly selective about the chemicals they allow to cross.

Search for transfection in these other databases too Definition of transfection : The process by which exogenous DNA in solution is introduced into cells. The introduction of foreign DNA into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells.

Transmembrane receptors are proteins that span the thickness of the plasma membrane of the cell, with one end of the receptor outside (extracellular domain) and one inside (intracellular domain) the cell.

Transcription is one of the fundamental processes that happens to our genome. It's the process of turning DNA into RNA. And you may have heard about the central dogma, which is DNA, to RNA, to protein.

Transposons have also been described as a sort of wrangler; they can bring multiple resistance genes into a single plasmid. How do they do that?

ABC transporters cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator multidrug resistance protein white ...

Chapter 18 Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease:phenotype and mechanisms of pathogenesis Karen Duff Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962, U.S.A.

transposon insertion Transposable elements (transposons) include a diverse class of DNA sequences that are capable of inserting, excising and relocating into chromosomal or extrachromosomal DNA.

Transduction Gene transfer from one cell to another brought about by a virus.

Transposon (Tn) DNA elements carrying genes for transposition and other genetic functions. The former genes enable those elements to move from one site on a chromosome to another.

Transcription terminator A nucleotide sequence that acts as a signal for termination of transcription.

Transcription: The process of copying a gene into RNA transcript. This is the first step in the expression of any gene.

Transfer RNA/tRNA - Special RNA molecules that are associated with specific amino acids to form aminoacyl-tRNAs. They transfer their amino acids to growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis Transformation ...

Transfer RNA (tRNA) RNA molecules which bond with amino acids and transfer them to ribosomes, where protein synthesis is completed. Source : PhRMA Genomics Transgenic ...

Transcriptional Mapping. Considerable progress is being made in transcriptional mapping of entire chromosomes and of selected chromosomal regions.

Transition in the species composition of a biological community, often following ecological disturbance of the community; the establishment of a biological community in an area virtually barren of life. ecology ...

Transcribe a DNA sequence and translate it into a protein! Go to Chapter 6: DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Quizzes DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis Quiz ...

transduction -- Viral transfer of DNA to new host. transgression -- (n) A rise in sea level relative to the land. tree -- Any tall plant, including many conifers and flowering plants, as well as extinct lycophytes and sphenophytes.

Transport H2 O and nutrients from the intestine to the cells or to a storage site. O2 from the respiratory organ to the cells and CO2 from the cells back to the respiratory organ. hormones from endocrine glands.

Transcription: The process by which DNA passes genetic information to RNA. Transcription is the first step in producing proteins. Transfer RNA (tRNA): A class of RNA that carries amino acids into ribosomes and bonds with mRNA for protein production.

transition state - structure that forms transiently in the course of a chemical reaction and has the highest free energy of any reaction intermediate; a rate-limiting step in the reaction.

trans configuration See repulsion. transcript An RNA molecule that has been synthesized from a specific DNA template.

Transformed (Bt-transformed): Transfer and expression of a gene (e.g., for Bt toxin) into another organism.

transducer A receptor that converts one form of energy into another. transduction. Condition in which bacterial DNA (and the genetic characteristics it bears) is transferred from one bacterium to another by the agent of viral infection.

Transcription: The process of making a complementary sequence of the gene sequence in the genome, which is either used directly, as in case of Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and Transfer RNAs (tRNAs), or is further processed into the messenger RNA, ...

transposable element - see transposon transposon - mobile segment of DNA capable of "hopping" into or out of chromosomal DNA; ...

translocated herbicide. Herbicide that is able to move throughout a plant after being applied to leaf surfaces. transpiration. The evaporation of water vapor from plants, mostly through stomata.

Transgenic animal An animal (nearly always a mouse) into the genome of which a foreign gene has been introduced. Transition A mutation which has changed one purine (A, G) into the other, or one pyrimidine (C, T) into the other. See transversion.

TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION REACTION - An in vitro series of reactions, involving the synthesis (transcription) of an mRNA from a plasmid (usually with T7 or SP6 RNA polymerase), ...

Transgenic. An organism in which a foreign DNA gene (a transgene) is incorporated into its genome early in de- velopment.

Transfer by absorption of DNA fragments separated in electrophoretic gels to membrane filters for detection of specific base sequences by radio-labeled complementary probes. Spectral karyotype (SKY) ...

Transcription factor: A protein which is involved in the transcription of genes. These usually bind to DNA as part of their function (but not necessarily).

transverse Lying or placed across or crosswise traverse muscles Fibers run ventrally and slightly posteriorly, originates from cartilage of the floating ribs, the lumbar vertebrae and the border of the ilium and inserts on the linea alba.

Transformation (with respect to cultured cells)- A change in cell morphology and behavior which is generally related to carcinogenesis.

DNA Transcription Translation Programmed Cell Death Genetics Genetics is the study of heredity or inheritance. Genetics helps to explain how traits are passed from parents to their young.

Electron Transport Chain a system of electron carriers embedded into the inner membrane of a mitochondrion to transfer energy from electrons to O2 to form water (elektron = amber from the electrical charge produced by rubbing [friction] on amber) ...

MT Machine Translation MTPE Mission to Planet Earth NABIN North American Biodiversity Information Network ...

The inclusion or exclusion of different exons to form different mRNA transcripts. (See RNA.) Amino acid. Any of 20 basic building blocks of proteins-- composed of a free amino (NH2) end, a free carboxyl (COOH) end, and a side group (R).

Charcot-Marie Tooth disease -- a condition characterized by degeneration of the motor and sensory nerves that control movement and feeling in the arm below the elbow and the leg below the knee; transmitted in autosomal dominant, ...

passive transport Transport of a molecule across a membrane down a concentration gradient which does not require the input of energy. -pathy disease of, suffering pathogenic Disease-causing.

Dispersal (sensu ecology): the transport of propagules away from the parent. Diversity: a) the total number of species present; b) some index which incorporates both the number of species and the relative abundance of each.

Cytoskeleton - network of microtubules that support and give structure to cell while aiding in intracellular transport Cytosol - jelly-like material that contains the organelles between the nucleus and the plasma membrane ...

Back translation Use of the experimentally determined amino acid sequence of part or all of a polypeptide to determine the theoretical nucleic acid base sequence(s) which could code for it. This is normally done using a computer programme.

Technology transfer The process of converting scientific findings from research laboratories into useful products by the commercial sector. Telomere The ends of chromosomes.

Ensuring that the fruits of genome research were quickly translated into useful applications (and thence into jobs and wealth) became another process goal for the human genome project.

Usually associated with transcription-initiation regions of (housekeeping) genes transcribed at low rates that do not contain a TATA box.

Acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) are birefringent crystals bonded to a piezoelectric transducer.

New combination When a species is transferred to a different genus for the first time.

[L. pellucidus - clear, transparent]. The central region of the blastodisc where the primitive streak forms. It lies directly over the subgerminal cavity and so appears transparent.

Nutrient cycling. The pattern of transfer of nutrients between the components of a food web Nutrients. Those constituents required by organisms for maintenance and growth (we use this term in this book in application to plants) ...

See also: Human, Organ, DNA, Protein, Sequence