upper epidermis
the tissue in plants, usually one cell thick, that is on the top surface of the leaf.
ureter
A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Upper epidermis. This is a single layer of cells containing few or no chloroplasts. The cells are quite transparent and permit most of the light that strikes them to pass through to the underlying cells.
Dicotyledons usually have more stomata on the lower epidermis than the upper epidermis. As these leaves are held horizontally, upper epidermis is directly illuminated. Less number of stomata on the upper epidermis can then prevent water loss.
columbar cells with chloroplasts in the mesophyll tissues of leaves, just below the upper epidermis
Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology, 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby
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palisade The vertical photosynthetic cells below the upper epidermis in leaf tissue; these cells are a specialized parenchyma.
palisade Layer of mesophyll cells in leaves that are closely placed together under the epidermal layer of the leaf. Palisade parenchyma: Columnar cells located just below the upper epidermis in leaves the cells where most of the light ...
The epidermis is usually transparent (epidermal cells lack chloroplasts) and coated on the outer side with a waxy cuticle that prevents water loss. The cuticle may be thinner on the lower leaf epidermis than on the upper epidermis; ...
 See also: Epidermis, Cells, Stoma, Leaf, Photosynthesis
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