A convention on DNA related to the position and direction of transcription by RNA polymerase (5'
3'). Downstream (or 3' to) is in the direction of transcription whereas upstream (5' to) is in the direction from which the polymerase has come.
Upstream
A sequence located in front of a particular site relative to the direction of transcription and translation (i.e. located in the 5' direction relative to a particular site).
Upstream Patents and Downstream Products: A Tragedy of the Anticommons?
Upstream Genes have an orientation which is defined by their direction of transcription (5' to 3'). Upstream means further in the opposite direction to the direction of transcription of a gene and even possibly beyond its beginning.
Upstream. The region extending in a 5' direction from a gene.
USDA. See The U.S. Department of Agriculture.
UPSTREAM - Identifies sequences located in a direction opposite to that of expression; for example, the bacterial promoter is upstream of the initiation codon. In an mRNA molecule, upstream means toward the 5' end of the molecule.
Upstream/Downstream: In an RNA, anything towards the 5' end of a reference point is "upstream" of that point. This orientation reflects the direction of both the synthesis of mRNA, and its translation - from the 5' end to the 3' end.
the region upstream of a gene to which RNA polymerase binds
Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics, 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row
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A role for upstream binding factor in organizing ribosomal gene chromatin
Jane E. Wright, Christine Mais, José-Luis Prieto and Brian Mcstay1 ...
the basal or core promoter located within about 40 bp of the start site
an "upstream" promoter, which may extend over as many as 200 bp farther upstream
enhancers
silencers ...
Anything further upstream (but not an enhancer or other regulatory region whose influence is positional/orientation independent)
Specific transcription factor binding sites ...
A region of DNA extending 150-300 bp upstream from the transcription start site that contains binding sites for RNA polymerase and a number of proteins that regulate the rate of transcription of the adjacent gene.
It is performed with gene trap vectors whose principal element is a gene trapping cassette consisting of a promoterless reporter gene and/or selectable genetic marker flanked by an upstream 3' splice site (splice acceptor; SA) and a downstream ...
The promoter region is the sequence typically referred to that's right upstream or right next to where a gene is about to be transcribed.
Relatively invariant sequence of six nucleotides (consensus TATAAT) in prokaryotic promoters centred at the position minus 10 (10 base pairs upstream from the transcription start site). In eukaryotes the analogous is called TATA box.
Related Terms: ...
But if it receives an upstream signal from some kind of growth factor receptor which informs the cell interior that the cell has encountered a growth factor, ...
A conserved sequence 25 to 30 base pairs upstream from the site for transcription in many but not all genes; binding site for general factors involved in initiation of transcription. In prokaryotes the analogous is called Pribnow box.
Related Terms: ...
For example it can be used to retrieve 1000 base pairs of upstream sequences from a set of co-regulated genes which can then be used to identify potential shared regulatory motifs. Sequence files can be obtained in one of two formats.
A consensus sequence (AGGAGG) upstream of the translation initiation site ATG in bacteria. Important for translation initiation. For species-specific translation initiation sequences in bacteria, please visit Primo.
Other Resources
PubMed Google ...
The CpG-rich stretch of 20-50 nucleotides occurs within the first 100-200 bases upstream of the start site region (where promoter-proximal elements reside).
- A sequence located approximately 75 base-pairs upstream from eukaryotic transcription start sites. This sequence is one of those that enhance binding of RNA polymerase
Cacao ...
Industrial pollutants that are dumped upstream of estuaries have rendered many marine habitats unsuitable for life. Again, tighter regulations have been used to prevent further destruction of the ocean biomes.
Several are known that activate transcription by rNA polymerase II when bound to upstream promoters.
Any two branch tips sharing the same immediate node are most closely related. All taxa that can be traced directly to one node (that is they are "upstream of a node") are said to be members of a monophyletic group.
- DNA sequence in a gene that influences the gene's expression by increasing or decreasing its rate of RNA synthesis (via effects on binding and transcription of the basal transcription apparatus including RNA Polymerase); can be located upstream ...
Promoter sites A specific sequence of DNA, usually just upstream of a gene, that specifies the site and extent of transcription of the associated gene.
 See also: Trans, Gene, Sequence, DNA, Transcript
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