Vertebrates

Vertebrates, and a few invertebrates, have a closed circulatory system. Closed circulatory systems (evolved in echinoderms and vertebrates) have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. Full article ...

Invertebrates animals that have no spinal column. Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page ...

The Vertebrates Chordata During their embryonic development, all chordates pass through a stage called the pharyngula [View] with these features: ...

Vertebrates all have a dorsal hollow nerve cord. It forms on the dorsal side of the embryo as the neural tube. The brain and the spinal cord derive from the neural tube.

Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata (within the phylum Chordata), specifically, those chordates with backbones or spinal columns. About 57,739 species of vertebrates have been described[citation needed].

Vertebrates, and a few invertebrates, have a closed circulatory system, shown in Figure 2. Closed circulatory systems (evolved in echinoderms and vertebrates) have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness.

Vertebrates move muscles in response to voluntary and autonomic signals from the brain. Deep muscles, superficial muscles, muscles of the face and internal muscles all correspond with dedicated regions in the brain.

Vertebrates moved onto the land by the Devonian period, about 380 million years ago. Ichthyostega, an amphibian, is the among the first known land vertebrates. It was found in Greenland and was derived from lobe-finned fishes called Rhipidistians.

In vertebrates, the portion of the trunk containing visceral organs other than heart and lungs; in arthropods, the posterior portion of the body, made up of similar segments and containing the reproductive organs and part of the digestive tract.

In vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog is involved setting up the dorsal/ventral, the back-to-front pattern of the nervous system. So telling one side from another is really what hedgehog signaling does in all different multi-cellular organisms.

birds Vertebrates that have feathers and lay eggs with calcified shells on land.

in the vertebrates, the brain and spinal cord; derived from the neural tube. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...

crop In vertebrates, it is an expanded part of the esophagus where food is stored while in invertebrates it is an expansion of the anterior part of the gut system where food is either digested or stored.

A class of vertebrates intermediate in many characteristics between fish and reptiles, which live part of the time in water and part on land. Source: Curtis, Helena. 1968. Biology. New York, NY. Worth Publishers ...

larva -- Among invertebrates, an immature stage in the life cycle which usually is much smaller than, and morphologically different from, the adult. In insects with metamorphosis, the larva must become a pupa before reaching adulthood.

DNA methylation in vertebrates The addition of a methyl group to a cytosine base of a CpG dinucleotide to form 5-methylcytosine. in micro-organisms many other methylation positions may be used.

Erythrocytes -- the hemoglobin-containing cell found in the blood of vertebrates. Euchromatin -- the chromatin that shows the staining behavior characteristic of the majority of the chromosomal complement.

coli (Escherichia coli) A common bacterium found in the small intestine of vertebrates; the most well-studied organism. electrochemical gradient The sum of the gradients of concentration and of electric charge of an ion across a membrane.

Animal - kingdom composed of multicellular organisms divided into two divisions: vertebrates and invertebrates, who obtain their food from external sources and reproduce sexually or asexually ...

Two classes of intracellular lectins involved in glycoprotein trafficking are present in yeast, model invertebrates and vertebrates, and two other classes are present in vertebrates only.

In the vertebrates, melanocytes are derived from neural crest, migrate dorsolaterally as melanoblasts to reside in the basal layer of the epidermis.

Residing in this area are genes responsible for cellular immunity--one of two main defenses evolved by vertebrates in their constant struggle to defend the body against the steady stream of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens) that ...

Cartilaginous fish (Class Chondrichthyes): The most primitive 'jawed' vertebrates evolved about 400 Mya. Their skeleton is composed of entirely cartilage.

The outmost layer of cells of the body of an animal. In invertebrates the epidermis is normally only one cell thick and is covered by an impermeable cuticle. In vertebrates the epidermis is the thinner of the two layers of skin.

A biological defence system that has evolved in vertebrates to protect them against the introduction of foreign material (such as pollen, or invading micro-organisms) and to prevent the body from developing cancer. Source : PhRMA Genomics ...

Mite: Any of several minute invertebrates belonging to the phylum Arthropoda, class Arachnida. Morphology: Form or structure of an organism. Multivoltine: Having more than one brood or generation per season.

- A bacterium commonly found in the intestinal tracts of most vertebrates. It is used extensively in recombinant DNA research because it has been genetically well characterized. Electrophoresis ...

The zebrafish is a model organism used to study the development of vertebrates.

[L. strata - a layer; L. corneus - horny]. The outer layer of the epidermis of vertebrates. The layer is keratinized for protection from desiccation and foreign agents.

Reverse Bohr effect. Effect that occurs when lactate builds up in the blood of certain invertebrates and pH decreases, increasing the affinity of hemocyanin for oxygen ...

stratum corneum [L. strata - a layer; L. corneus - horny]. The outer layer of the epidermis of vertebrates. The layer is keratinized for protection from desiccation and foreign agents.

microbial pesticides. Pesticides that consist of bacteria, fungi, viruses, or other microorganisms used for control of weeds, invertebrates, or plant pathogens.

See also: Organ, Trans, Human, Animal, Cells