[edit] Cultivars
Over 1,000 cultivars have been chosen for particular characteristics, and can only be propagated by grafting.
Cultivars
Now I know I just said that plants have two names, but there are 'Varieties' of plants, that occur naturally or through breeding. Manmade varieties are known as Cultivars, and this is a third part of the name.
Cultivars - cultivars are plants that have features desirable to the person "cultivating" them. These desirable characteristics have been deliberately selected and can be reliably reproduced in plants under controlled cultivation.
Dwarf Cultivars
There are a number of varieties of A. palmatum that have a naturally dwarf habit and are very suitable for bonsai cultivation.
Most commonly seen are 'Kiyohime', 'Kashima' and 'Yatsubusa'.
Notes: Cultivars by grafting or some by cuttings
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The Red leafed cultivars of the Japanese maple (Acer Palmatum), are usually grafted onto normal (green leafed) rootstock, as they don't do well on their own roots.
ELM: Chinese, Ulmus parvifolia (many small-leaved cultivars)
FIRETHORN: Pyracantha species
GINKGO: Ginkgo biloba
HAWTHORN: English, Crataegus laevigata; Washington, Crataegus phaenopyrum
HEATHER: Scotch heather, Calluna vulgaris ...
There are of course, graceful deciduous bonsai and specific cultivars of species such as maple like beni-chidori or deshojo, that can equally successfully be shown as the new spring leaves appear, or in a final blaze of autumnal coloring; ...
The character, history, taxonomy, nomenclature, culture, and propagation of these trees are thoroughly discussed, followed by a complete listing of cultivars with color photos on every page.
In all, you would find over 8,000 hybrid and cultivars of Fuchsia with many of those making great choices for bonsai.
Caragana - (caragana spp.) comes in many cultivars, including globe (C. frutex 'Globosa") and pygmy (C. pygmaea), which are smaller and less likely to sucker than common caragana (C. arborescens). They have small, round compound leaves.
Description: Closely related the Scots pine with its reddish brown bark it has become a popular ornamental and has several cultivars. The height of this tree is 20-35 m. The Japanese red pine prefers full sun on well-drained, slightly acidic soil.
Hibiscus syriacus cultivars, veneer graft. tied with 2-ply fillis. Average time for grafting: 0.67 minutes. Picea pungens 'Glauca Pendula' - side veneer graft, tied with raffia, removal of needles from base of scion. Average time for grafting: 1.
Germination is erratic, from a few days to several weeks. Hybrids or cultivars very seldom come true from seed, you will have many variations of the parent plant, some completely different.
Leaves reduce with cultivation. Smaller leaf cultivars available.
Tolerant of heat and dryness.
Flowers and fruit are attractive.
YEW:
Taxus species and cultivars
ZELKOVA:
Japanese Zelkova, Zelkova serrata ...
Serissa foetida (or Serissa japonica) produces tiny, white trumpet shaped flowers for long periods of the year. It has small glossy leaves and a twisted and rough trunk. Cultivars with variegated leaves, ...
However all are Pinus Parviflora with many various cultivars that include Kokono and Brevifolia. The difference between White Pine and other pine species is that the White Pine has a cluster of five needles around each bud.
CULTIVAR A cultivated variety of a species i.e. Acer palmatum 'Bloodgood' or Acer palmatum 'Deshojo' are both Acer palmatum cultivars or varieties.
It draws inspiration from the traditional roots of bonsai, but takes the form of a contemporary, Southern Appalachian influenced American garden. Plantings in the landscape include species and cultivars of American, European and Asian origin.
 See also: Cultivar, Plant, Species, Bonsai, Tree
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