Lava : A bonsai soil amendment formed from crushed volcanic ash.
Layering: A method of propagation in which a stem is induced to send out roots by surrounding it with soil.
Leader: The main shoot at the top of the tree.
L: Lava
layering - a method of propagating a tree by ring-girdling the trunk and inducing roots to grow from the wound.
M - R
M: Miyogi - Japanese term for informal upright style
mycorhizzae ...
Crushed lava is another componet that people like to use and here is a picture of it.
Calcined clay, pumice, a patented item known as Turface, or another highly acclaimed product from Japan known as Akadama, are all used by bonsai enthusiasts.
3 parts small lava rock
3 parts sieved stone
2 parts coarse pine bark
Deciduous Maple, Elm : ...
In Part Two I planted 30 pots containing seedlings of Ficus virens 'Thai' in 100% red lava particles of about 1/8"-3/8" size on May 15, 2007.
Using only stable inorganic components such as lava rock or pumice will create a soil that will last longer than it really needs to last. Using only unstable inorganic amendments such as clay baked to much less than vitrification, akadama, etc.
For those who prefer an Akadama, pumice and lava rock soil mix, you should fertilize with an organic feed, such as Whitney Farms 5-5-5 Organic feed, mixed with pelleted fish meal.
Tree of var. occidentalis, Lava Beds National Monument
Conservation status
Least Concern ...
Top-dressing must be applied to kanuma or it will wash away during watering. Chicken grit, turkey grit or small crushed lava rock all work well. Chopped green moss may also be used.
Inorganic soil mixes contain little to no organic matter; instead, they are made up of specially-formulated soils such as volcanic lava, calcined (baked) or fired clays.
 See also: Bonsai, Plant, Pot, Growing, Organic
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