Pen-jing involves the creation of entire landscapes within a tray.
Great emperors of China replicated prominent areas of their kingdom in large trays, complete with whole forests, artificial hills and other features.
If you have purchased a bonsai from a non specialist supplier there is a likelihood that the tree was mass produced in China, the country where bonsai (pen-jing) originated.
PEN-JING landscape planting
SHARI deadwood on trunk
JIN deadwood branch
NEBARI trunkbase/ surface roots
YAMADORI collected material
SUIBAN shallow water tray for display rock plantings ...
 See also: Bonsai, Root
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