Root hairs and epidermal cells, absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and these are transported up the trunk to the leaves of the plant.
Trim any visible root hairs that may be sticking up out of the soil
Remove any unnecessary wires, ties and clamps. Remaining wire should be very neat and discreet.
The roots absorb water and nutrients in soil by root hair at the
root tips. Root hair has a rather short life span, and new root hair constantly
replaces old withering one. The most important factor in increasing water and ...
Water enter the plant through the younger parts of the roots, the area just behind the root tip, by hundreds of root hairs which are just projections of the epidermal.
The adults do no harm, but the larvae in the soil can damage fine root hairs if in large numbers. They prefer dying plant roots and are an indication that the soil is being kept too wet (which kills the roots).
The roots are pruned to maintain new grow of the fine root hair and to keep the root system to proper proportion in relation to the container within which it lives. The branches are trimmed to control growth and to create artistic poses.
Here is what the root system should look like after root pruning. Most of the thick roots have been cut off leaving mainly the fine root hairs to do the work of absorbing water and nutrients for the tree.
Although as I've stated above, some air must be allowed to get to the roots, this particular situation is dangerous, as the root hairs will soon be killed.
Roots need oxygen to 'breathe' and the presence of too much water reduces the ability of the compost to absorb air. This in turn causes the fine root hairs to suffocate and die.
With a smooth surface the roots can slide between the particles with little resistance. A rough particle will cause the roots to divide to pass by. They will also irritate the root surface causing it to produce root hairs which help feed your tree.
It is tempting to blast the root ball with water to remove the old soil, and for some species this is perfectly acceptable, however it does cause more damage to the fine root hairs than combing out the soil.
 See also: Bonsai, Plant, Tree, Root, Pot
  
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