Encephalocele, sometimes known by the Latin name cranium bifidum, is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull.
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Encephalocele
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Encephalocele
The incidence of encephalocele in Victoria is around one in every 6,667 births. In this rare form of neural tube defect, the meninges and brain tissue bulge out through a gap in the skull.
Encephalocele The protrusion of the brain substance through a defect in the skull.
Encephalocele (pronounced en-ceff-allo-seal) is a very rare condition that some children are born with. The skull or spinal bones do not form properly and expose parts of the brain and its covering membranes.
Encephalocele. Hernial protrusion of brain substance and meninges through a congenital or traumatic opening of the skull. [Dorland].
Example from a 1922 Death Certificate from Georgia:
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2. Encephalocele. Encephalocele results in a hole in the skull through which brain tissue protrudes. Although most babies with encephalocele do not live or are severely retarded, early surgery has been able to save a few children.
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Neural Tube Defects
Encephalocele
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Congenital hydrocephalus is present at birth and may be caused by genetic abnormalities or developmental disorders such as spina bifida and encephalocele.
The condition is frequenctly confused by prenatal ultrasonography with anencephaly or an encephalocele.
There are a number of different types of NTDs including anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele. In anencephaly there is absence of the cranial vault (the skull) and absence of most or all of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain.
Anencephaly and spina bifida are the most common ONTDs, while encephaloceles (where there is a protrusion of the brain or its coverings through the skull) are much rarer.
Anencephaly and spina bifida are the most common types of ONTD, while encephalocele (in which there is a protrusion of the brain or its coverings through the skull) is much rarer.
Encephalocele
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Hydrocephalus-agyria-retinal Dysplasia Plus Or Minus Encephalocele [syndrome]
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Hydrocephalus may result from inherited genetic abnormalities (such as the genetic defect that causes aqueductal stenosis) or developmental disorders (such as those associated with neural tube defects including spina bifida and encephalocele).
Obstruction of foramina of Luschka and Magendie, enlarged 4th ventricle, hypoplastic vermis and cerebellum associated with: agenesis of corpus callosum, encephalocele
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The most common developmental problems that may lead to hydrocephalus include failure of the tissue surrounding the spinal cord to close properly (spina bifida) and herniation of the brain (encephalocele).
aspx"cyst, neuronal migration anomalies, encephaloceles, and midline facial anomalies.
 See also: Surgery, Pregnancy, Hydrocephalus, Spina Bifida, Symptom
  
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