Microcephaly

Microcephaly
What is microcephaly?
Microcephaly is a condition that is present at birth in which the baby's head is much smaller than normal for an infant of that age and gender. "Micro" means small and "cephaly" refers to the head.

Microcephaly
Microcephaly is a rare, neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is smaller than the average for the age and gender of the infant. Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life.

Microcephaly
Definition
Microcephaly is a condition in which a person's head is significantly smaller than normal for their age and sex, based on standardized charts. Head size is measured as the distance around the top of the head.

Microcephaly
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Microcephaly
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NINDS Microcephaly Information Page
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Microcephaly
Ultrasound, normal fetus - ventricles of brain
Microcephaly is a condition in which a person's head is significantly smaller than normal for their age and sex, based on standardized charts.

Microcephaly Treatment
Review Date: 11/09/2007
Reviewed By: Deirdre O’Reilly, M.D., M.P.H., Neonatologist, Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston and Instructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

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Microcephaly literally means "small head." Microcephaly is a birth defect which causes a child to be born with a smaller than normal head, usually because the brain has slowed or halted development.

Amish microcephaly
MCPHA
microcephaly, Amish type
See How are genetic conditions and genes named? in the Handbook.

microcephaly
makr kefli noun a condition in which a person has an unusually small head sometimes caused by the mother ...
microcheilia ...

Microcephaly The congenital smallness of the head, with corresponding smallness of the brain.
Microphthalmia The congenital abnormal smallness of one or both eyes. Can occur in the presence of other ocular defects.

Microcephaly
Spina Bifida
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Microcephaly
An infant with microcephaly has a head that is much smaller than normal for an infant of that age and gender. Most children with microcephaly also have a small brain and mental retardation.
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Microcephaly (Complementary/Alternative Medicine)
Mifepristone and Misoprostol for Abortion
Military Sexual Trauma ...

Small skull (microcephaly).
An abnormal opening in the skull.
Malformations of part of the brain.
Structural defects of the eyes.
Cleft lip or cleft palate.
Additional toes or fingers (polydactyly).

Small head size (microcephaly)
Vomiting
A musty odor in the child's breathe, skin or urine, caused by too much phenylalanine in the body ...

Achalasia microcephaly ... respiratory infections
Achalasia, familial esophageal ... chest pain, night-time cough, night-time cough
Achalasia, primary ... chest pain, nocturnal cough, nocturnal cough
Achluophobia ... shortness of breath ...

Hiatal Hernia-Microcephaly-Nephrosis, Galloway Type
Hiberix - Medication
Hibiclens - Medication
Hibistat - Medication
Hiccough, Chronic
Hiccups
Hiccups, Chronic
Hiccups, Persistent
HIDA Scan - Medical Test
Hidradenitis Axillaris ...

Nephrosis-Microcephaly Syndrome
Nephrosis-Neuronal Dysmigration Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome, Corticosteroids for - Medication
Nerve block for pain relief
Nerve Conduction Studies - Medical Test
Nervous System Problems ...

Microcephaly-Hiatal Hernia-Nephrosis, Galloway Type
Microcephaly-Hiatal Hernia-Nephrotic Syndrome
Microcythemia
Microdiscectomy for a Herniated Disc
Microphthalmia or Anophthalmos with Associated Anomalies (obsolete) ...

Microcephaly
Microcephaly-intracranial Calcification syndrome see Aicardi-Goutières syndrome
Microlissencephaly see Cortical malformations
Microphthalmia see Anophthalmia
Microphthalmus see Coloboma
MICS see Aicardi-Goutières syndrome
Migraine ...

Affected individuals often have a small head (microcephaly), widely spaced eyes (telecanthus), flat mid-facial area (mid-face hypoplasia), small and low-set ears, small triangular nose, tented upper lip, and full, ...

The individual features of the syndrome include growth retardation, microcephaly (abnormally small head), glaucoma, cataracts, microphthalmia (abnormally small eyes), hearing loss, cardiovascular malformations, and mental retardation.

At birth, infants with FAS can be identified by small stature and a typical set of facial traits including microcephaly, microphthalmia, short palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, a small or flat midface, a flat elongated philtrum, a thin upper lip, ...

pack Miconazole 7 Miconazole 7 combination pack Miconazole nitrate Miconazole nitrate combination pack Micort-hc Micrainin Micro-k Micro-k 10 Micro-k ls Microalbumin Microaneurysm Microangiopathy Microbe Microbiology Microcannula Microcephaly ...

Other features of Emanuel syndrome include an unusually small head (microcephaly), distinctive facial features, and a small lower jaw (micrognathia).

Infants are sometimes born with a small head (microcephaly) and MRI studies reveal that many brain structures are abnormally small or deformed. Psychomotor retardation and developmental delays are common and a few have seizures.

Children with this disease presents with refractory seizure disorder , ataxia, and developmental delay with deceleration of head growth and microcephaly.1 The seizure is usually an infantile- onset often begin at 1-4 months of age.

Radiation during the first three months of pregnancy can cause birth defects such as microcephaly (small head), spina bifida (a hole in the back that marks the premature end of the spinal nerves), blindness, or cleft palate.

Other problems include a small brain (microcephaly) or other problems of the nervous system that can cause deafness, mental retardation or death.

The head may be smaller than normal (microcephaly) and abnormally shaped. Typical facial features include a flattened nose, protruding tongue, and upward slanting eyes.

Aicardi syndrome may be associated with other brain defects such as microcephaly (small brain) or porencephalic cysts (cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities or gaps in the brain).

Absent radius, congenital disorder, hypomegakaryocytic, Meckel's diverticulum, microcephaly, nuchal folds, petechiae, phocomelia, purpura, radial aplasia, radial aplasia-amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia syndrome, ...

Agyria manifests clinically with severe mental retardation, microcephaly, hypotonia and refractory seizures with an early onset in the first year of life. MR shows a smooth brain surface with thickening of the Cerebral: Relating to the brain.

The children characteristically have low birth weight, small head (microcephaly), small jaw (micrognathia), malformations of the heart and kidneys, clenched fists with abnormal finger positioning, and malformed feet.

a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by mental retardation, distinctive facies with microcephaly, synophrys, low anterior hairline, depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nares, long philtrum, carp mouth, thin upper lip and low-set ears, ...

An infantile syndrome characterized by a cat-like cry, failure to thrive, microcephaly, MENTAL RETARDATION, spastic quadriparesis, micro- and retrognathia, glossoptosis, bilateral epicanthus, hypertelorism, and tiny external genitalia.

Small head size (microcephaly)
Crossing of the eyes (strabismus)
Flatness in the back of the head
Tongue thrusting
Walking with arms up in the air
A lower jaw that juts out
Light pigmentation in hair, skin and eyes (hypopigmentation)
Causes ...

Chorioretinal Dysplasia-microcephaly-mental Retardation Syndrome
EMG
Electromyogram, Electromyography; Eye Movement Gauge; Exomphalosmacroglossia-gigantism [syndrome] ...

An exceptionally small head size (called microcephaly) or very slow growth rate may be a sign that the brain is not developing properly.
References ...

Craniosynostosis
Macrocephaly (abnormally large head size)
Microcephaly (abnormally small head size)
Skull of a newborn ...

The commonest abnormalities are: prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, developmental delay or mental retardation, short palpebral fissures, a short upturned nose with sunken nasal bridge and a thin upper lip, ...

of the fetus with rubella usually in the first trimester of pregnancy, as a consequence of maternal infection, resulting in various developmental abnormalities in the newborn infant. They include cardiac and ocular lesions, deafness, microcephaly, ...

In a few cases, there are symptoms at birth, which can include premature delivery, being small for gestational age, jaundice, enlarged liver and spleen, microcephaly (small head), seizures, rash, and feeding difficulties.

The disorder is also called cat cry syndrome or chromosome deletion 5psyndrome. Individuals with this syndrome have unusual facial features, poor muscle tone (hypotonia), small head size (microcephaly), and mental retardation. A classic feature...

In addition, characteristic features of the head and face may be present including a small mouth (microstomia), with full lips, small circumference of the head (microcephaly), ...

This syndrome of birth defects is called congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and can result in spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), abnormally small head (microcephaly), mental retardation, congenital heart defects, cataracts, blindness, ...

See also: Symptom, Mental retardation, Pregnancy, Seizure, Seizures